{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]],"date-time":"2026-10-10T02:21:13Z","timestamp":1791598873033,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Pharmaceutical Society of Japan","issue":"7","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Biological &amp; Pharmaceutical Bulletin","Biol. Pharm. Bull."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,15]]},"DOI":"10.1248\/bpb.b25-00038","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,14]],"date-time":"2025-07-14T22:10:09Z","timestamp":1752531009000},"page":"1022-1030","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Seasonal Variations in Drug-Related Erythema Multiforme: A Time Series Analysis Using the JADER Database"],"prefix":"10.1248","volume":"48","author":[{"given":"Hideyuki","family":"Tanaka","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Drug Informatics, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, 1\u201325\u20134 Daigaku, Nishi, Gifu 501\u20131196, Japan"},{"name":"Chubuyakuhin Co., Ltd., 4\u201329 Takane-cho, Tajimi, Gifu 507\u20130078, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mika","family":"Maezawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Drug Informatics, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, 1\u201325\u20134 Daigaku, Nishi, Gifu 501\u20131196, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sakiko","family":"Hirofuji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Drug Informatics, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, 1\u201325\u20134 Daigaku, Nishi, Gifu 501\u20131196, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Koumi","family":"Miyasaka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Drug Informatics, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, 1\u201325\u20134 Daigaku, Nishi, Gifu 501\u20131196, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Satoshi","family":"Nakao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Drug Informatics, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, 1\u201325\u20134 Daigaku, Nishi, Gifu 501\u20131196, Japan"},{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, Kyushu University Hospital, 3\u20131\u20131 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812\u20138582, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuka","family":"Nokura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Drug Informatics, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, 1\u201325\u20134 Daigaku, Nishi, Gifu 501\u20131196, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Moe","family":"Yamashita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Drug Informatics, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, 1\u201325\u20134 Daigaku, Nishi, Gifu 501\u20131196, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nanaka","family":"Ichihara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Drug Informatics, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, 1\u201325\u20134 Daigaku, Nishi, Gifu 501\u20131196, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kana","family":"Sugishita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Drug Informatics, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, 1\u201325\u20134 Daigaku, Nishi, Gifu 501\u20131196, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tomofumi","family":"Yamazaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Drug Informatics, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, 1\u201325\u20134 Daigaku, Nishi, Gifu 501\u20131196, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kohei","family":"Shiota","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Drug Informatics, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, 1\u201325\u20134 Daigaku, Nishi, Gifu 501\u20131196, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hirofumi","family":"Tamaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Community Pharmacy, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, 1\u201325\u20134 Daigaku, Nishi, Gifu 501\u20131196, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hiroyuki","family":"Tanaka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Immunobiology, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, 1\u201325\u20134 Daigaku, Nishi, Gifu 501\u20131196,  Japan"},{"name":"Immunopharmacology, Field of Biofunctional Control, Medical Information Science Division, United Graduate School of Drug Discovery and Medical Information Science, Gifu University, 1\u20131 Yanagido, Gifu 501\u20131193, Japan"},{"name":"Center for One Medicine Innovative Translational Research (COMIT), Institute for Advanced Study, Gifu University, 1\u20131 Yanagido, Gifu 501\u20131193, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kazuhiro","family":"Iguchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Community Pharmacy, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, 1\u201325\u20134 Daigaku, Nishi, Gifu 501\u20131196, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mitsuhiro","family":"Nakamura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Drug Informatics, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, 1\u201325\u20134 Daigaku, Nishi, Gifu 501\u20131196, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"163","reference":[{"key":"1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"1) Soares A, Sokumbi O. Recent updates in the treatment of erythema multiforme. <i>Medicina<\/i> (Kaunas), <b>57<\/b>, 921 (2021).","DOI":"10.3390\/medicina57090921"},{"key":"2","unstructured":"2) MSD manual professional version. \u201cErythema Multiforme.\u201d: &lt;https:\/\/www.msdmanuals.com\/professional\/dermatologic-disorders\/hypersensitivity-and-reactive-skin-disorders\/erythema-multiforme&gt;, accessed 16 April, 2025."},{"key":"3","unstructured":"3) Lamoreux MR, Sternbach MR, Hsu WT. Erythema multiforme. <i>Am. Fam. Physician<\/i>, <b>74<\/b>, 1883\u20131888 (2006)."},{"key":"4","unstructured":"4) DermNet. \u201cErythema Multiforme.\u201d: &lt;https:\/\/dermnetnz.org\/topics\/erythema-multiforme&gt;, accessed 16 April, 2025."},{"key":"5","unstructured":"5) Trayes KP, Love G, Studdiford JS. Erythema multiforme: recognition and management. <i>Am. Fam. Physician<\/i>, <b>100<\/b>, 82\u201388 (2019)."},{"key":"6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"6) Sokumbi O, Wetter DA. Clinical features, diagnosis, and treatment of erythema multiforme: a review for the practicing dermatologist. <i>Int. J. Dermatol.<\/i>, <b>51<\/b>, 889\u2013902 (2012).","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-4632.2011.05348.x"},{"key":"7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"7) Paulino L, Hamblin DJ, Osondu N, Amini R. Variants of erythema multiforme: a case report and literature review. <i>Cureus<\/i>, <b>10<\/b>, e3459 (2018).","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.3459"},{"key":"8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"8) Aurelian L, Ono F, Burnett J. Herpes simplex virus (HSV)-associated erythema multiforme (HAEM): a viral disease with an autoimmune component. <i>Dermatol. Online J.<\/i>, <b>9<\/b>, 1 (2003).","DOI":"10.5070\/D37V35W30D"},{"key":"9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"9) Staik\u016bnien\u0117 J, Stanevi\u010di\u016bt\u0117 J. Long-term valacyclovir treatment and immune modulation for herpes-associated erythema multiforme. <i>Cent. Eur. J. Immunol.<\/i>, <b>40<\/b>, 387\u2013390 (2015).","DOI":"10.5114\/ceji.2015.54604"},{"key":"10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"10) Siedner-Weintraub Y, Gross I, David A, Reif S, Molho-Pessach V. Paediatric erythema multiforme: epidemiological, clinical and laboratory characteristics. <i>Acta Derm. Venereol.<\/i>, <b>97<\/b>, 489\u2013492 (2017).","DOI":"10.2340\/00015555-2569"},{"key":"11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"11) Chapman RS, Forsyth A, MacQueen A. Erythema multiforme in association with active ulcerative colitis and Crohn\u2019s disease. <i>Dermatology<\/i>, <b>154<\/b>, 32\u201338 (1977).","DOI":"10.1159\/000251027"},{"key":"12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"12) Yachoui R, Cronin PM. Systemic lupus erythematosus associated with erythema multiforme-like lesions. <i>Case Rep. Rheumatol.<\/i>, <b>2013<\/b>, 212145 (2013).","DOI":"10.1155\/2013\/212145"},{"key":"13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"13) Ohtani T, Deguchi M, Aiba S. Erythema multiforme-like lesions associated with lesional infiltration of tumor cells occurring with adult T-cell lymphoma\/leukemia. <i>Int. J. Dermatol.<\/i>, <b>47<\/b>, 390\u2013392 (2008).","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-4632.2008.03535.x"},{"key":"14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"14) Heinze A, Tollefson M, Holland KE, Chiu YE. Characteristics of pediatric recurrent erythema multiforme. <i>Pediatr. Dermatol.<\/i>, <b>35<\/b>, 97\u2013103 (2018).","DOI":"10.1111\/pde.13357"},{"key":"15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"15) Shabahang L. Characteristics of adult outpatients with erythema multiforme. <i>Pak. J. Biol. Sci.<\/i>, <b>13<\/b>, 1106\u20131109 (2010).","DOI":"10.3923\/pjbs.2010.1106.1109"},{"key":"16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"16) Sakurai M. Erythema multiforme in children: unusual clinical features with seasonal occurrence. <i>J. Dermatol.<\/i>, <b>16<\/b>, 361\u2013368 (1989).","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1346-8138.1989.tb01281.x"},{"key":"17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"17) Brito LAR, Nascimento ACM, de Marque C, Miot HA. Seasonality of the hospitalizations at a dermatologic ward (2007\u20132017). <i>An. Bras. Dermatol.<\/i>, <b>93<\/b>, 755\u2013758 (2018).","DOI":"10.1590\/abd1806-4841.20187309"},{"key":"18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"18) Harvell JD, Selig DJ. Seasonal variations in dermatologic and dermatopathologic diagnoses: a retrospective 15-year analysis of dermatopathologic data. <i>Int. J. Dermatol.<\/i>, <b>55<\/b>, 1115\u20131118 (2016).","DOI":"10.1111\/ijd.13229"},{"key":"19","unstructured":"19) Pharmaceuticals and Medical Devices Agency (PMDA). \u201cSuspected adverse drug reaction information.\u201d: &lt;https:\/\/www.pmda.go.jp\/safety\/info-services\/drugs\/adr-info\/suspected-adr\/0003.html&gt;, accessed 16 April, 2025."},{"key":"20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"20) Matsumoto K, Goto F, Maezawa M, Nakao S, Miyasaka K, Hirofuji S, Shiota K, Ichihara N, Yamashita M, Nokura Y, Yamazaki T, Sugishita K, Tanaka H, Tamaki H, Ishiguro M, Iguchi K, Nakamura M. A retrospective study of seasonal variation in sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitor-related adverse events using the Japanese adverse drug event report database. <i>Sci. Rep.<\/i>, <b>14<\/b>, 30072 (2024).","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-81698-z"},{"key":"21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"21) Nakao S, Hatahira H, Sasaoka S, Hasegawa S, Motooka Y, Ueda N, Abe J, Fukuda A, Naganuma M, Kanoh H, Seishima M, Ishiguro M, Kinosada Y, Nakamura M. Evaluation of drug-induced photosensitivity using the Japanese Adverse Drug Event Report (JADER) database. <i>Biol. Pharm. Bull.<\/i>, <b>40<\/b>, 2158\u20132165 (2017).","DOI":"10.1248\/bpb.b17-00561"},{"key":"22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"22) Marrero O, Hung EY, Hauben M. Seasonal and geographic variation in adverse event reporting. <i>Drugs Real World Outcomes<\/i>, <b>3<\/b>, 297\u2013306 (2016).","DOI":"10.1007\/s40801-016-0081-6"},{"key":"23","unstructured":"23) Japan Meteorological Agency. \u201cMonthly statistical data.\u201d: &lt;https:\/\/www.data.jma.go.jp\/obd\/stats\/etrn\/view\/monthly_s3.php?prec_no=44&amp;block_no=47662&gt;, accessed 16 April, 2025."},{"key":"24","unstructured":"24) World Health Organization. \u201cATC\/DDD toolkit: ATC classification.\u201d: &lt;https:\/\/www.who.int\/tools\/atc-ddd-toolkit\/atc-classification&gt;, accessed 16 April, 2025."},{"key":"25","unstructured":"25) Winkler  WE. String comparator metrics and enhanced decision rules in the Fellegi-Sunter model of record linkage. <i>Proceedings of the Section on Survey Research Methods<\/i>, American Statistical Association, Alexandria, Virginia, U.S.A., pp.354\u2013359 (1990)."},{"key":"26","unstructured":"26) International Council for Harmonisation of Technical Requirements for Pharmaceuticals for Human Use (ICH). \u201cMedical Dictionary for Regulatory Activities (MedDRA).\u201d: &lt;https:\/\/www.ich.org\/page\/meddra&gt;, accessed 16 April, 2025."},{"key":"27","unstructured":"27) Cleveland RB, Cleveland WS, McRae JE, Terpenning I. STL: a seasonal-trend decomposition procedure based on LOESS. <i>J. Off. Stat.<\/i>, <b>6<\/b>, 3\u201373 (1990)."},{"key":"28","unstructured":"28) Seabold S, Perktold J. Statsmodels: econometric and statistical modeling with python. \u201cProceedings of the 9th Python in Science Conference.\u201d: &lt;https:\/\/www.statsmodels.org\/&gt;, accessed 16 April, 2025."},{"key":"29","unstructured":"29) Pal A, Prakash PKS. <i>Practical time-series analysis: master time series data processing, visualization, and modeling using python<\/i>. 1st ed., Packt, Birmingham, UK, pp. 7\u201345 (2017)."},{"key":"30","unstructured":"30) Hyndman RJ, Athanasopoulos G. <i>Forecasting: principles and practice<\/i>. 3rd ed., OTexts, Melbourne, Australia (2021). &lt;https:\/\/otexts.com\/fpp3&gt;, accessed 16 April, 2025."},{"key":"31","unstructured":"31) JMDC. \u201cJMDC Claims Database.\u201d: &lt;https:\/\/www.jmdc.co.jp\/en\/jmdc-claims-database\/&gt;, accessed 16 April, 2025."},{"key":"32","unstructured":"32) World Health Organization (WHO). \u201cInternational Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (10th Revision).\u201d: &lt;https:\/\/www.who.int\/classifications\/icd\/en\/&gt;, accessed 16 April, 2025."},{"key":"33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"33) Pearson K. Notes on regression and inheritance in the case of two parents. <i>Proc. R. Soc. Lond.<\/i>, <b>58<\/b>, 240\u2013242 (1895).","DOI":"10.1098\/rspl.1895.0041"},{"key":"34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"34) Di Bartolomeo L, Irrera N, Campo GM, Borgia F, Motolese A, Vaccaro F, Squadrito F, Altavilla D, Condorelli AG, Motolese A, Vaccaro M. Drug-induced photosensitivity: clinical types of phototoxicity and photoallergy and pathogenetic mechanisms. <i>Front. Allergy<\/i>, <b>3<\/b>, 876695 (2022).","DOI":"10.3389\/falgy.2022.876695"},{"key":"35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"35) Shivhare P, Haidry N, Sharma A, Agrawal D, Gupta A, Subramanyam S. Drug-induced erythema multiforme. <i>Case Rep. Dermatol. Med.<\/i>, <b>2023<\/b>, 8706006  (2023).","DOI":"10.1155\/2023\/8706006"},{"key":"36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"36) Hill JM, Ball MJ, Neumann DM, Azcuy AM, Bhattacharjee PS, Bouhanik S, Clement C, Lukiw WJ, Foster TP, Kumar M, Kaufman HE, Thompson HW. The high prevalence of herpes simplex virus type 1 DNA in human trigeminal ganglia is not a function of age or gender. <i>J. Virol.<\/i>, <b>82<\/b>, 8230\u20138234 (2008).","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.00686-08"},{"key":"37","unstructured":"37) World Health Organization. \u201cHerpes simplex virus.\u201d: &lt;https:\/\/www.who.int\/news-room\/fact-sheets\/detail\/herpes-simplex-virus&gt;, accessed 16 April, 2025."},{"key":"38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"38) Klein SL. Sex influences immune responses to viruses, and efficacy of prophylaxis and treatments for viral diseases. <i>BioEssays<\/i>, <b>34<\/b>, 1050\u20131059 (2012).","DOI":"10.1002\/bies.201200099"},{"key":"39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"39) Geurs TL, Hill EB, Lippold DM, French AR. Sex differences in murine susceptibility to systemic viral infections. <i>J. Autoimmun.<\/i>, <b>38<\/b>, J245\u2013J253 (2012).","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2011.12.003"},{"key":"40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"40) Lundberg P, Welander P, Openshaw H, Nalbandian C, Edwards C, Moldawer L, Cantin E. A locus on mouse chromosome 6 that determines resistance to herpes simplex virus also influences reactivation, while an unlinked locus augments resistance of female mice. <i>J. Virol.<\/i>, <b>77<\/b>, 11661\u201311673 (2003).","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.77.21.11661-11673.2003"},{"key":"41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"41) Whitley RJ, Soong SJ, Linneman C Jr, Liu C, Pazin G, Alford CA. Herpes simplex encephalitis. <i>Clinical Assessment. JAMA<\/i>, <b>247<\/b>, 317\u2013320 (1982).","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1982.03320280037026"},{"key":"42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"42) Sk\u00f6ldenberg B, Alestig K, Burman L, Forkman A, L\u00f6vgren K, Norrby R, Stiernstedt G, Forsgren M, Bergstr\u00f6m T, Dahlqvist E, Fryd\u00e9n A, Norlin K, Olding-Stenkvist I, Uhnoo I, De Vahl K. Acyclovir <i>versus<\/i> vidarabine in herpes simplex encephalitis. Randomised multicentre study in consecutive Swedish patients. <i>Lancet<\/i>, <b>324<\/b>, 707\u2013711 (1984).","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(84)92623-0"},{"key":"43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"43) Sugawara T, Ohnichi Y, Gu Y, Kawanohara H, Taniguchi K, Okabe N. Study on antibiotic consumption based on pharmacy surveillance. <i>Japanese Journal of Environmental Infections<\/i>, <b>27<\/b>, 195\u2013198 (2012).","DOI":"10.4058\/jsei.27.195"}],"container-title":["Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.jstage.jst.go.jp\/article\/bpb\/48\/7\/48_b25-00038\/_pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,19]],"date-time":"2025-07-19T04:04:00Z","timestamp":1752897840000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.jstage.jst.go.jp\/article\/bpb\/48\/7\/48_b25-00038\/_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,15]]},"references-count":43,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1248\/bpb.b25-00038","relation":{},"ISSN":["0918-6158","1347-5215"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0918-6158","type":"print"},{"value":"1347-5215","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,15]]},"article-number":"b25-00038"}}