{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T19:19:22Z","timestamp":1792696762889,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,4]]},"DOI":"10.1249\/mss.0b013e31818e7ead","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,5,21]],"date-time":"2009-05-21T15:44:51Z","timestamp":1242920691000},"page":"879-888","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":77,"title":["Patellofemoral Joint Force and Stress during the Wall Squat and One-Leg Squat"],"prefix":"10.1249","volume":"41","author":[{"given":"RAFAEL F.","family":"ESCAMILLA","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"NAIQUAN","family":"ZHENG","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"TORAN D.","family":"MACLEOD","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"W.","family":"BRENT EDWARDS","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"RODNEY","family":"IMAMURA","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"ALAN","family":"HRELJAC","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"GLENN S.","family":"FLEISIG","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"KEVIN E.","family":"WILK","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"CLAUDE T.","family":"MOORMAN","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"JAMES R.","family":"ANDREWS","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"R2-18-20210211","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1016\/j.orthres.2004.08.003","article-title":"Patellofemoral joint contact area increases with knee flexion and weight-bearing.","volume":"23","author":"Besier","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Orthop Res"},{"issue":"3","key":"R3-18-20210211","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1016\/S0278-5919(02)00026-1","article-title":"Sources of anterior knee pain.","volume":"21","author":"Biedert","year":"2002","journal-title":"Clin Sports Med"},{"issue":"11","key":"R4-18-20210211","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1428","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2006.07.264","article-title":"Outcomes of a weight-bearing rehabilitation program for patients diagnosed with patellofemoral pain syndrome.","volume":"87","author":"Boling","year":"2006","journal-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil"},{"issue":"2","key":"R5-18-20210211","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1016\/S0966-6362(02)00090-5","article-title":"Patellofemoral joint stress during stair ascent and descent in persons with and without patellofemoral pain.","volume":"16","author":"Brechter","year":"2002","journal-title":"Gait Posture"},{"issue":"3","key":"R6-18-20210211","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1016\/0021-9290(94)00065-C","article-title":"Comparison of muscle forces and joint load from an optimization and EMG assisted lumbar spine model: towards development of a hybrid approach.","volume":"28","author":"Cholewicki","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Biomech"},{"issue":"1","key":"R7-18-20210211","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1177\/03635465030310012701","article-title":"Computer simulations of patellofemoral joint surgery. Patient-specific models for tuberosity transfer.","volume":"31","author":"Cohen","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"R8-18-20210211","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"480","DOI":"10.1177\/03635465010290041701","article-title":"Patellofemoral stresses during open and closed kinetic chain exercises. An analysis using computer simulation.","volume":"29","author":"Cohen","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"R9-18-20210211","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"218","DOI":"10.1177\/036354658601400307","article-title":"Athletic injuries: comparison by age, sport, and gender.","volume":"14","author":"Dehaven","year":"1986","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"R10-18-20210211","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsm.18.1.18","article-title":"Patello-femoral arthralgia in athletes attending a sports medicine clinic.","volume":"18","author":"Devereaux","year":"1984","journal-title":"Br J Sports Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"R11-18-20210211","first-page":"194","article-title":"Management of patellofemoral pain syndrome.","volume":"75","author":"Dixit","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am Fam Physician"},{"issue":"2","key":"R12-18-20210211","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.2519\/jospt.1996.23.2.104","article-title":"The effect of open and closed chain exercise and knee joint position on patellar tracking in lateral patellar compression syndrome.","volume":"23","author":"Doucette","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Orthop Sports Phys Ther"},{"issue":"4","key":"R14-18-20210211","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"556","DOI":"10.1097\/00005768-199804000-00014","article-title":"Biomechanics of the knee during closed kinetic chain and open kinetic chain exercises.","volume":"30","author":"Escamilla","year":"1998","journal-title":"Med Sci Sports Exerc"},{"issue":"9","key":"R15-18-20210211","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1552","DOI":"10.1097\/00005768-200109000-00020","article-title":"Effects of technique variations on knee biomechanics during the squat and leg press.","volume":"33","author":"Escamilla","year":"2001","journal-title":"Med Sci Sports Exerc"},{"issue":"3","key":"R16-18-20210211","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"234","DOI":"10.1097\/01.phm.0000200390.67408.f0","article-title":"Physical examination and patellofemoral pain syndrome.","volume":"85","author":"Fredericson","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am J Phys Med Rehabil"},{"issue":"10","key":"R17-18-20210211","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1582","DOI":"10.1097\/00005768-200210000-00009","article-title":"Patellofemoral stress during walking in persons with and without patellofemoral pain.","volume":"34","author":"Heino Brechter","year":"2002","journal-title":"Med Sci Sports Exerc"},{"issue":"4","key":"R18-18-20210211","first-page":"CD003472","article-title":"Exercise therapy for patellofemoral pain syndrome.","author":"Heintjes","year":"2003","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"issue":"Pt 2","key":"R19-18-20210211","first-page":"213","article-title":"Lines of action and moment arms of the major force-carrying structures crossing the human knee joint.","volume":"182","author":"Herzog","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Anat"},{"issue":"10","key":"R20-18-20210211","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2095","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2004.09.008","article-title":"In vivo contact areas of the knee in patients with patellar subluxation.","volume":"38","author":"Hinterwimmer","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Biomech"},{"issue":"4","key":"R21-18-20210211","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"977","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pop.2004.07.006","article-title":"Patellofemoral pain syndrome: evaluation and treatment.","volume":"31","author":"LaBella","year":"2004","journal-title":"Prim Care"},{"issue":"4","key":"R22-18-20210211","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"801","DOI":"10.1016\/j.orthres.2003.11.011","article-title":"The effect of tibiofemoral joint kinematics on patellofemoral contact pressures under simulated muscle loads.","volume":"22","author":"Li","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Orthop Res"},{"issue":"5","key":"R23-18-20210211","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"834","DOI":"10.1016\/S0736-0266(01)00008-0","article-title":"Q-angle influences tibiofemoral and patellofemoral kinematics.","volume":"19","author":"Mizuno","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Orthop Res"},{"issue":"5","key":"R24-18-20210211","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"438","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00243511","article-title":"Assessment of human knee extensor muscles stress from in vivo physiological cross-sectional area and strength measurements.","volume":"65","author":"Narici","year":"1992","journal-title":"Eur J Appl Physiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"R25-18-20210211","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00691235","article-title":"Force of knee extensor and flexor muscles and cross-sectional area determined by nuclear magnetic resonance imaging.","volume":"57","author":"Narici","year":"1988","journal-title":"Eur J Appl Physiol"},{"issue":"11","key":"R26-18-20210211","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1572","DOI":"10.1097\/00005768-199811000-00003","article-title":"Which factors predict the long-term outcome in chronic patellofemoral pain syndrome? A 7-yr prospective follow-up study.","volume":"30","author":"Natri","year":"1998","journal-title":"Med Sci Sports Exerc"},{"issue":"12","key":"R27-18-20210211","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2419","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-200312000-00021","article-title":"Magnetic resonance imaging of patellofemoral kinematics with weight-bearing.","volume":"85-A","author":"Patel","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"issue":"11","key":"R28-18-20210211","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"639","DOI":"10.2519\/jospt.2003.33.11.639","article-title":"The influence of altered lower-extremity kinematics on patellofemoral joint dysfunction: a theoretical perspective.","volume":"33","author":"Powers","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Orthop Sports Phys Ther"},{"issue":"5","key":"R29-18-20210211","first-page":"424","article-title":"Patellofemoral joint kinetics during squatting in collegiate women athletes. Clin Biomech (Bristol, Avon).","volume":"16","author":"Salem","year":"2001","journal-title":""},{"issue":"2","key":"R31-18-20210211","first-page":"197","article-title":"Direct linear transformation method for three-dimensional cinematography.","volume":"49","author":"Shapiro","year":"1978","journal-title":"Res Q"},{"issue":"3","key":"R32-18-20210211","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"438","DOI":"10.1177\/036354659302100319","article-title":"Biomechanical considerations in patellofemoral joint rehabilitation.","volume":"21","author":"Steinkamp","year":"1993","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"R33-18-20210211","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1016\/0021-9290(86)90154-5","article-title":"A mathematical model of the patellofemoral joint.","volume":"19","author":"van Eijden","year":"1986","journal-title":"J Biomech"},{"issue":"5","key":"R34-18-20210211","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"560","DOI":"10.3109\/17453678709146400","article-title":"Mechanics of the patellar articulation. Effects of patellar ligament length studied with a mathematical model.","volume":"58","author":"van Eijden","year":"1987","journal-title":"Acta Orthop Scand"},{"key":"R35-18-20210211","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2474-7-31","article-title":"The PEX study-exercise therapy for patellofemoral pain syndrome: design of a randomized clinical trial in general practice and sports medicine ISRCTN83938749.","volume":"7","author":"van Linschoten","year":"2006","journal-title":"BMC Musculoskelet Disord"},{"issue":"4","key":"R36-18-20210211","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.2519\/jospt.2002.32.4.141","article-title":"Patellofemoral joint kinetics while squatting with and without an external load.","volume":"32","author":"Wallace","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Orthop Sports Phys Ther"},{"issue":"179","key":"R37-18-20210211","first-page":"275","article-title":"Muscle architecture of the human lower limb.","author":"Wickiewicz","year":"1983","journal-title":"Clin Orthop"},{"issue":"2","key":"R38-18-20210211","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1984.57.2.435","article-title":"Muscle architecture and force-velocity relationships in humans.","volume":"57","author":"Wickiewicz","year":"1984","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"issue":"5","key":"R39-18-20210211","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.2519\/jospt.1998.28.5.307","article-title":"Patellofemoral disorders: a classification system and clinical guidelines for nonoperative rehabilitation.","volume":"28","author":"Wilk","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Orthop Sports Phys Ther"},{"issue":"5","key":"R40-18-20210211","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1122","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546503262187","article-title":"Open versus closed kinetic chain exercises in patellofemoral pain: a 5-year prospective randomized study.","volume":"32","author":"Witvrouw","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"R41-18-20210211","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"687","DOI":"10.1177\/03635465000280051201","article-title":"Open versus closed kinetic chain exercises for patellofemoral pain. A prospective, randomized study.","volume":"28","author":"Witvrouw","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"R42-18-20210211","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1177\/036354659602400212","article-title":"Neuromuscular adaptations in isokinetic, isotonic, and agility training programs.","volume":"24","author":"Wojtys","year":"1996","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"R43-18-20210211","first-page":"359","article-title":"Muscle and tendon: properties, models, scaling, and application to biomechanics and motor control.","volume":"17","author":"Zajac","year":"1989","journal-title":"Crit Rev Biomed Eng"},{"issue":"10","key":"R44-18-20210211","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"963","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9290(98)00056-6","article-title":"An analytical model of the knee for estimation of internal forces during exercise.","volume":"31","author":"Zheng","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Biomech"}],"container-title":["Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/00005768-200904000-00018","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,21]],"date-time":"2026-08-21T15:13:37Z","timestamp":1787325217000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/00005768-200904000-00018"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2009,4]]},"references-count":41,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1249\/mss.0b013e31818e7ead","relation":{},"ISSN":["0195-9131"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0195-9131","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2009,4]]}}}