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Sun JC, Davidson MJ, Lamy A, Eikelboom JW. Antithrombotic management of patients with prosthetic heart valves: Current evidence and future trends. <i>Lancet<\/i> 2009; 374: 565\u2013576.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(09)60780-7"},{"key":"2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"2. Stassano P, Di Tommaso L, Monaco M, Iorio F, Pepino P, Spampinato N, et al. Aortic valve replacement: A prospective randomized evaluation of mechanical versus biological valves in patients ages 55 to 70 years. <i>J Am Coll Cardiol<\/i> 2009; 54: 1862\u20131868.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2009.07.032"},{"key":"3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"3. Wolf PA, Abbott RD, Kannel WB. Atrial fibrillation as an independent risk factor for stroke: The Framingham Study. <i>Stroke<\/i> 1991; 22: 983\u2013988.","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.22.8.983"},{"key":"4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"4. Krahn AD, Manfreda J, Tate RB, Mathewson FA, Cuddy TE. The natural history of atrial fibrillation: Incidence, risk factors, and prognosis in the Manitoba Follow-Up Study. <i>Am J Med<\/i> 1995; 98: 476\u2013484.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9343(99)80348-9"},{"key":"5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"5. Cannegieter SC, Rosendaal FR, Briet E. Thromboembolic and bleeding complications in patients with mechanical heart valve prostheses. <i>Circulation<\/i> 1994; 89: 635\u2013641.","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.89.2.635"},{"key":"6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"6. Fuster V, Ryden LE, Cannom DS, Crijns HJ, Curtis AB, Ellenbogen KA, et al. 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Camm AJ, Lip GY, De Caterina R, Savelieva I, Atar D, Hohnloser SH, et al. 2012 focused update of the ESC Guidelines for the management of atrial fibrillation: An update of the 2010 ESC Guidelines for the management of atrial fibrillation: Developed with the special contribution of the European Heart Rhythm Association. <i>Eur Heart J<\/i> 2012; 33: 2719\u20132747.","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehs253"},{"key":"9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"9. Atarashi H, Inoue H, Okumura K, Yamashita T, Origasa H. Investigation of optimal anticoagulation strategy for stroke prevention in Japanese patients with atrial fibrillation: The J-RHYTHM Registry study design. <i>J Cardiol<\/i> 2011; 57: 95\u201399.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jjcc.2010.09.002"},{"key":"10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"10. Atarashi H, Inoue H, Okumura K, Yamashita T, Kumagai N, Origasa H. 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Vahanian A, Alfieri O, Andreotti F, Antunes MJ, Baron-Esquivias G, Baumgartner H, et al. Guidelines on the management of valvular heart disease (version 2012). <i>Eur Heart J<\/i> 2012; 33: 2451\u20132496.","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehs109"},{"key":"14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"14. Torn M, Cannegieter SC, Bollen WL, van der Meer FJ, van der Wall EE, Rosendaal FR. Optimal level of oral anticoagulant therapy for the prevention of arterial thrombosis in patients with mechanical heart valve prostheses, atrial fibrillation, or myocardial infarction: A prospective study of 4202 patients. <i>Arch Intern Med<\/i> 2009; 169: 1203\u20131209.","DOI":"10.1001\/archinternmed.2009.176"},{"key":"15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"15. Akao M, Chun YH, Esato M, Abe M, Tsuji H, Wada H, et al. Inappropriate use of oral anticoagulants for patients with atrial fibrillation. <i>Circ J<\/i> 2014; 78: 2166\u20132172.","DOI":"10.1253\/circj.CJ-14-0344"},{"key":"16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"16. Shen AY, Yao JF, Brar SS, Jorgensen MB, Chen W. Racial\/ethnic differences in the risk of intracranial hemorrhage among patients with atrial fibrillation. <i>J Am Coll Cardiol<\/i> 2007; 50: 309\u2013315.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2007.01.098"},{"key":"17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"17. Suzuki S, Yamashita T, Kato T, Fujino T, Sagara K, Sawada H, et al. Incidence of major bleeding complication of warfarin therapy in Japanese patients with atrial fibrillation. <i>Circ J<\/i> 2007; 71: 761\u2013765.","DOI":"10.1253\/circj.71.761"},{"key":"18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"18. Matsuyama K, Matsumoto M, Sugita T, Nishizawa J, Yoshida K, Tokuda Y, et al. Anticoagulant therapy in Japanese patients with mechanical mitral valves. <i>Circ J<\/i> 2002; 66: 668\u2013670.","DOI":"10.1253\/circj.66.668"},{"key":"19","unstructured":"19. Mori T, Asano M, Ohtake H, Bitoh A, Sekiguchi S, Matsuo Y, et al. Anticoagulant therapy after prosthetic valve replacement: Optimal PT-INR in Japanese patients. <i>Ann Thorac Cardiovasc Surg<\/i> 2002; 8: 83\u201387."},{"key":"20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"20. Johnson JA. Ethnic differences in cardiovascular drug response: Potential contribution of pharmacogenetics. <i>Circulation<\/i> 2008; 118: 1383\u20131393.","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.107.704023"},{"key":"21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"21. Inoue H, Nozawa T, Hirai T, Iwasa A, Okumura K, Lee JD, et al. 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