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Flather MD, Yusuf F, Kober L, Pfeffer M, Hall A, Murray G, et al. Long-term ACE-inhibitor therapy in patients with heart failure or left-ventricular dysfunction: A systematic overview of date from individual patients: ACE-Inhibitor Myocardial Infarction Collaborative Group. <i>Lancet<\/i> 2000; 355: 1575\u20131581.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(00)02212-1"},{"key":"5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"5. McMurray JJV, Adamopoulos S, Anker SF, Auricchio A, B\u00f6hm M, Dickstein K, et al. ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure 2012: The Task Force for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure 2012 of the European Society of Cardiology developed in collaboration with the Heart failure Association (HFA) of the ESC. <i>Eur Heart J<\/i> 2012; 33: 1787\u20131847.","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehs104"},{"key":"6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"6. Shusterman NH. The effect of carvedilol on morbidity and mortality in patients with chronic heart failure: U.S. Carvedilol Heart Failure Study Group. <i>N Engl J Med<\/i> 1996; 334: 1349\u20131355.","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199605233342101"},{"key":"7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"7. The Cardiac Insufficiency Bisoprolol Study II (CIBIS-II): A randomised trial. <i>Lancet<\/i> 1999; 353: 9\u201313.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(98)11181-9"},{"key":"8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"8. Hjalmarson A, Goldstein S, Fagerberg B, Wedel H, Waagstein F, Kjekshus J, et al. Effects of controlled-release metoprolol on total mortality, hospitalizations, and well-being in patients with heart failure: The Metoprolol CR\/XL Randomized Intervention Trial in congestive heart failure (MERIT-HF): MERIT-HF Study Group. <i>JAMA<\/i> 2000; 283: 1295\u20131302.","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.283.10.1295"},{"key":"9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"9. Krum H, Roecker EB, Mohacsi P, Rouleau JL, Tendera M, Coats AJ, et al. Effects of initiating carvedilol in patients with severe chronic heart failure: Results from the COPERNICUS Study. <i>JAMA<\/i> 2009; 289: 712\u2013718.","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.289.6.712"},{"key":"10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"10. Flather MD, Shibata MC, Coats AJ, Van Veldhuisen DJ, Parkhomenko A, Borbola J, et al. Randomized trial to determine the effect of nebivolol on mortality and cardiovascular hospital admission in elderly patients with heart failure (SENIORS). <i>Eur Heart J<\/i> 2005; 26: 215\u2013225.","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehi115"},{"key":"11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"11. Pitt B, Zannad F, Remme WJ, Cody R, Castaigne A, Perez A, et al. The effect of spironolactone on morbidity and mortality in patients with severe heart failure: Randomized Aldactone Evaluation Study Investigators. <i>N Engl J Med<\/i> 1999; 341: 709\u2013717.","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199909023411001"},{"key":"12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"12. Zannad F, McMurray JJ, Krum H, Van Veldhuisen DJ, Swedberg K, Shi H, et al. Eplerenone in patients with systolic heart failure and mild symptoms. <i>N Engl J Med<\/i> 2011; 364: 11\u201321.","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1009492"},{"key":"13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"13. Granger CB, McMurray JJ, Yusuf S, Held P, Michelson EL, Olofsson B, et al. Effects of candesartan in patients with chronic heart failure and reduced left-ventricular systolic function intolerant to angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitors: The CHARM-Alternative trial. <i>Lancet<\/i> 2003; 362: 772\u2013776.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(03)14284-5"},{"key":"14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"14. Maggioni AP, Anand I, Gottlieb SO, Latini R, Tognoni G, Cohn JN. Effects of valsartan on morbidity and mortality in patients with heart failure not receiving angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors. <i>J Am Coll Cardiol<\/i> 2002; 40: 1414\u20131421.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-1097(02)02304-5"},{"key":"15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"15. McMurray JJ, Ostergren J, Swedberg K, Granger CB, Held P, Michelson EL, et al. Effects of candesartan in patients with chronic heart failure and reduced left-ventricular systolic function taking angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitors: The CHARM-Added trial. <i>Lancet<\/i> 2003; 362: 767\u2013771.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(03)14283-3"},{"key":"16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"16. Swedberg K, Komajda M, Bohm M, Borer JS, Ford I. Dubost-Brama A. Ivabradine and outcomes in chronic heart failure (SHIFT): A randomised placebo-controlled study. <i>Lancet<\/i> 2010; 376: 875\u2013885.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(10)61198-1"},{"key":"17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"17. McMurray JJV, Packer M, Desai AS, Gong J, Lefkowitz MP, Riskala AR, et al; for the PARADIGM-HF Investigators and Committees. Angiotensin-neprilysin inhibition versus enalapril in heart failure. <i>N Engl J Med<\/i> 2014; 371: 993\u20131004.","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1409077"},{"key":"18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"18. Bardy GH, Lee KL, Mark DB, Poole JE, Packer DL, Boineau R, et al. Amiodarone or an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator for congestive heart failure. <i>N Engl J Med<\/i> 2005; 352: 225\u2013237.","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa043399"},{"key":"19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"19. Bristow MR, Saxon LA, Boehmer J, Krueger S, Kass DA, De Marco T, et al. Cardiac-resynchronization therapy with or without an implantable defibrillator in advanced chronic heart failure. <i>N Engl J Med<\/i> 2004; 350: 2140\u20132150.","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa032423"},{"key":"20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"20. Cleland JG, Daubert JC, Erdmann E, Freemantle N, Gras D, Kappenberger L, et al. The effect of cardiac resynchronization on morbidity and mortality in heart failure. <i>N Engl J Med<\/i> 2005; 352: 1539\u20131549.","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa050496"},{"key":"21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"21. Moss AJ, Hall WJ, Cannom DS, Klein H, Brown MW, Daubert JP, et al. Cardiac-resynchronization therapy for the prevention of heart failure events. <i>N Engl J Med<\/i> 2009; 361: 1329\u20131338.","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0906431"},{"key":"22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"22. Tang AS, Wells GA, Talajic M, Arnold MO, Sheldon R, Connolly S, et al. Cardiac-resynchronization therapy for mild-to-moderate heart failure. <i>N Engl J Med<\/i> 2010; 363: 2385\u20132395.","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1009540"},{"key":"23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"23. Ekman I, Chassany O, Komajda M, B\u00f6hm M, Borer JS, Ford I, et al. Heart rate reduction with ivabradine and health related quality of life in patients with chronic heart failure results from the SHIFT study. <i>Eur Heart J<\/i> 2011; 32: 2395\u20132404.","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehr343"},{"key":"24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"24. Tardif JC, O\u2019Meara E, Komajda M, B\u00f6hm JS, Ford I, Tavazzi L, et al; SHIFT Investigators. Effects of selective heart rate reduction with ivabradine on left ventricular remodeling and function: Results from the SHIFT echocardiography substudy. <i>Eur Heart J<\/i> 2011; 32: 2507\u20132515.","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehr311"},{"key":"25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"25. Ruschitzka F, Abraham W, Singh JP, Bax JJ, Borer JS, Brugada J, et al. Cardiac resynchronization therapy in heart failure with a narrow QRS complex. <i>N Engl J Med<\/i> 2013; 369: 1395\u20131405.","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1306687"},{"key":"26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"26. Laribi S, Aouba S, Nikolaou M; GREAT Network. Trends in death attributed to heart failure over the past two decades in Europe. <i>Eur J Heart Fail<\/i> 2012; 14: 234\u2013239.","DOI":"10.1093\/eurjhf\/hfr182"},{"key":"27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"27. Maggioni AP, Dahlstr\u00f6m U, Filippatos G, Chioncel O, Crespo Leiro M, Drozdz J, et al. EUEObservational Research Programme: The Heart Failure Pilot Survey (ESC-HF-Pilot). <i>Eur J Heart Fail<\/i> 2010; 12: 1076\u20131084.","DOI":"10.1093\/eurjhf\/hfq154"},{"key":"28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"28. Krumholz HM, Normand SL, Wang Y. Trends in hospitalizations and outcomes for acute cardiovascular disease and stroke, 1999\u20132011. <i>Circulation<\/i> 2014; 130: 966\u2013975.","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.113.007787"},{"key":"29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"29. Stewart S, Ekman I, Ekman T, Od\u00e9n A, Rosengren A. Population impact of heart failure and the most common forms of cancer: A study of 1 162 309 hospital cases in Sweden (1988 to 2004). <i>Circ Cardiovasc Qual Outcomes<\/i> 2010; 3: 573\u2013580.","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCOUTCOMES.110.957571"},{"key":"30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"30. Solomon SD, Dobson J, Pocock S, Skali H, McMurray JJ, Granger CB, et al; Candesartan in Heart failure: Assessment of Reduction in Mortality and morbidity (CHARM) Investigators. Influence of nonfatal hospitalization for heart failure on subsequent mortality in patients with chronic heart failure. <i>Circulation<\/i> 2007; 116: 1482\u20131487.","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.107.696906"},{"key":"31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"31. O\u2019Connor CM, Miller AB, Blair JE, Konstam MA, Wedge P, Bahit MC, et al; Efficacy of Vasopressin Antagonism in heart Failure Outcome Study with Tolvaptan (EVEREST) investigators. Causes of death and rehospitalization in patients hospitalized with worsening heart failure and reduced left ventricular ejection fraction: Results from Efficacy of Vasopressin Antagonism in Heart Failure Outcome Study with Tolvaptan (EVEREST) program. <i>Am Heart J<\/i> 2010; 159: 841\u2013849.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2010.02.023"},{"key":"32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"32. Jencks SF, Williams MV, Coleman EA. Rehospitalizations among patients in the Medicare fee-for-service program. <i>N Engl J Med<\/i> 2009; 360: 1418\u20131428.","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMsa0803563"},{"key":"33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"33. Heidenreich PA, Sahay A, Kapoor JR, Pham MX, Massie B. Divergent trends in survival and readmission following a hospitalization for heart failure in the Veterans Affairs Health care system 2002 to 2006. <i>J Am Coll Cardiol<\/i> 2010; 56: 362\u2013368.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2010.02.053"},{"key":"34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"34. Heidenreich PA, Trogdon JG, Khavjou OA, Butler J, Dracup K, Ezekowitz MD, et al. Forecasting the future of cardiovascular disease in the United States: A policy statement from the American Heart Association. <i>Circulation<\/i> 2011; 123: 933\u2013944.","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0b013e31820a55f5"},{"key":"35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"35. Cohen Solal A, Leurs I, Assyag P, Beauvais F, Clerson P, Contre C, et al. French National College of Cardiologists. Optimization of heart FailUre medical Treatment after hospital discharge according to left ventricUlaR Ejection fraction: The FUTURE survey. <i>Arch Cardiovasc Dis<\/i> 2012; 105: 355\u2013365.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.acvd.2012.04.003"},{"key":"36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"36. Troughton RW, Frampton CM, Brunner-La Rocca HP, Pfisterer M, Eurlings LW, Erntell H, et al. Effect of B-type natriuretic peptide-guided treatment of chronic heart failure on total mortality and hospitalization: An individual patient meta-analysis. <i>Eur Heart J<\/i> 2014; 35: 1559\u20131567.","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehu090"},{"key":"37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"37. Inglis SC, Clark RA, McAlister FA, Stewart S, Cleland JG. Which components of heart failure programmes are effective?: A systematic review and meta-analysis of the outcomes of structured telephone support or telemonitoring as the primary component of chronic heart failure management in 8323 patients: Abridged Cochrane Review. <i>Eur J Heart Fail<\/i> 2011; 13: 1028\u20131040.","DOI":"10.1093\/eurjhf\/hfr039"},{"key":"38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"38. Cleland JG, Tendera M, Adamus J, Freemantle N, Polonski L, Taylor J. The perindopril in elderly people with chronic heart failure (PEP-CHF) study. <i>Eur Heart J<\/i> 2006; 27: 2338\u20132345.","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehl250"},{"key":"39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"39. Yusuf S, Pfeffer MA, Swedberg K, Granger CB, Held P, McMurray JJ, et al. Effects of candesartan in patients with chronic heart failure and preserved left-ventricular ejection fraction: The CHARM-Preserved trial. <i>Lancet<\/i> 2003; 362: 777\u2013781.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(03)14285-7"},{"key":"40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"40. Massie BM, Carson PE, McMurray JJ, Komajda M, McKelvie R, Zile MR, et al. Irbesartan in patients with heart failure and preserved ejection fraction. <i>N Engl J Med<\/i> 2008; 359: 2456\u20132467.","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0805450"},{"key":"41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"41. Pitt B, Pfeffer MA, Assmann SF, Boineau R, Anand IS, Claggett B, et al; for the TOPCAT Investigators. Spironolactone for heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. <i>N Engl J Med<\/i> 2014; 370: 1383\u20131392.","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1313731"},{"key":"42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"42. Sakata Y, Shiba N, Takahashi J, Miyata S, Nochioka K, Miura M, et al; on Behalf of the SUPPORT Trial Investigators. Clinical impacts of additive use of olmesartan in hypertensive patients with chronic heart failure: The supplemental benefit of an angiotensin receptor blocker in hypertensive patients with stable heart failure using olmesartan (SUPPORT) trial. <i>Eur Heart J<\/i>2015 January 30, doi:10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehu504.","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehu504"},{"key":"43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"43. Owan TE, Hodge DO, Herges RM, Jacobsen SJ, Roger VL, Redfield MM. Trends in prevalence and outcome of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. <i>N Engl J Med<\/i> 2006; 355: 251\u2013259.","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa052256"},{"key":"44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"44. Chan MM, Lam CS. How do patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction die? <i>Eur J Heart Fail<\/i> 2013; 15: 604\u2013613.","DOI":"10.1093\/eurjhf\/hft062"},{"key":"45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"45. Fonarow GC, Stough WG, Abraham WT, Albert NM, Gheorghiade M, Greenberg BH, et al. Characteristics, treatments, and outcomes of patients with preserved systolic function hospitalized for heart failure: A report from the OPTIMIZE-HF registry. <i>J Am Coll Cardiol<\/i> 2007; 50: 768\u2013777.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2007.04.064"},{"key":"46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"46. Zile MR, Gaasch WH, Anand IS, Haass M, Little WC, Miller AB, et al. Mode of death in patients with heart failure and a preserved ejection fraction: Results from the irbesartan in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction study (I-PRESERVE) trial. <i>Circulation<\/i> 2010; 121: 1393\u20131405.","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.109.909614"},{"key":"47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"47. Paulus WJ, Tschope C, Sanderson JE, Rusconi C, Flachskampf FA, Rademakers FE, et al. How to diagnose diastolic heart failure: A consensus statement on the diagnosis of heart failure with normal left ventricular ejection fraction by the heart failure and echocardiography associations of the european society of cardiology. <i>Eur Heart J<\/i> 2007; 28: 2539\u20132550.","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehm037"},{"key":"48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"48. Campbell RT, Jhund PS, Castagno D, Hawkins NM, Petrie MC, McMurray JJ. What have we learned about patients with heart failure and preserved ejection fraction from dig-pef, charm-preserved, and i-preserve? <i>J Am Coll Cardiol<\/i> 2012; 60: 2349\u20132356.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2012.04.064"},{"key":"49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"49. Shah SJ. Matchmaking for the optimization of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction clinical trials: No laughing matter. <i>J Am Coll Cardiol<\/i> 2013; 62: 1339\u20131342.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2013.07.010"},{"key":"50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"50. Guazzi M, Vicenzi M, Arena R, Guazzi MD. Pulmonary hypertension in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction: A target of phosphodiesterase-5 inhibition in a 1-year study. <i>Circulation<\/i> 2011; 124: 164\u2013174.","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.110.983866"},{"key":"51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"51. Redfield M, Chen HH, Borlaug BA, Semigran MJ, Lee KL, Lewis G, et al. Effect of phosphodiesterase-5 inhibition on exercise capacity and clinical status in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction: A randomized clinical trial [RELAX Trial]. <i>JAMA<\/i> 2013; 309: 1268\u20131277.","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2013.2024"},{"key":"52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"52. Solomon SD, Zile M, Pieske B, Voors A, Shah A, Kraigher-Krainer E, et al; Prospective comparison of ARNI with ARB on Management Of heart failUre with preserved ejectioN fracTion (PARAMOUNT) Investigators. The angiotensin receptor neprilysin inhibitor LCZ696 in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction: A phase 2 double-blind randomised controlled trial. <i>Lancet<\/i> 2012; 380: 1387\u20131395.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(12)61227-6"},{"key":"53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"53. Komajda M, Lam CS. 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