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Wolf PA, Abbott RD, Kannel WB. Atrial fibrillation as an independent risk factor for stroke: The Framingham Study. <i>Stroke<\/i> 1991; 22: 983\u2013988.","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.22.8.983"},{"key":"2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"2. Feinberg WM, Blackshear JL, Laupacis A, Kronmal R, Hart RG. Prevalence, age distribution, and gender of patients with atrial fibrillation: Analysis and implications. <i>Arch Intern Med<\/i> 1995; 155: 469\u2013473.","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.1995.00430050045005"},{"key":"3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"3. Go AS, Hylek EM, Phillips KA, Chang Y, Henault LE, Selby JV, et al. Prevalence of diagnosed atrial fibrillation in adults: National implications for rhythm management and stroke prevention: The AnTicoagulation and Risk Factors in Atrial Fibrillation (ATRIA) Study. <i>JAMA<\/i> 2001; 285: 2370\u20132375.","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.285.18.2370"},{"key":"4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"4. Miyasaka Y, Barnes ME, Gersh BJ, Cha SS, Bailey KR, Abhayaratna WP, et al. Secular trends in incidence of atrial fibrillation in Olmsted County, Minnesota, 1980 to 2000, and implications on the projections for future prevalence. <i>Circulation<\/i> 2006; 114: 119\u2013125.","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.105.595140"},{"key":"5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"5. Ohsawa M, Okayama A, Sakata K, Kato K, Itai K, Onoda T, et al. Rapid increase in estimated number of persons with atrial fibrillation in Japan: An analysis from national surveys on cardiovascular diseases in 1980, 1990 and 2000. <i>J Epidemiol<\/i> 2005; 15: 194\u2013196.","DOI":"10.2188\/jea.15.194"},{"key":"6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"6. Inoue H, Fujiki A, Origasa H, Ogawa S, Okumura K, Kubota I, et al. Prevalence of atrial fibrillation in the general population of Japan: An analysis based on periodic health examination. <i>Int J Cardiol<\/i> 2009; 137: 102\u2013107.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2008.06.029"},{"key":"7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"7. Yiin GS, Howard DP, Paul NL, Li L, Luengo-Fernandez R, Bull LM, et al. Age-specific incidence, outcome, cost, and projected future burden of atrial fibrillation-related embolic vascular events: A population-based study. <i>Circulation<\/i> 2014; 130: 1236\u20131244.","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.114.010942"},{"key":"8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"8. Marinigh R, Lip GY, Fiotti N, Giansante C, Lane DA. Age as a risk factor for stroke in atrial fibrillation patients: Implications for thromboprophylaxis. <i>J Am Coll Cardiol<\/i> 2010; 56: 827\u2013837.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2010.05.028"},{"key":"9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"9. 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ACC\/AHA\/ESC 2006 Guidelines for the Management of Patients with Atrial Fibrillation: A report of the American College of Cardiology\/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines and the European Society of Cardiology Committee for Practice Guidelines (Writing Committee to Revise the 2001 Guidelines for the Management of Patients With Atrial Fibrillation): Developed in collaboration with the European Heart Rhythm Association and the Heart Rhythm Society. <i>Circulation<\/i> 2006; 114: e257\u2013e354, doi:10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.106.177292.","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.106.177292"},{"key":"11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"11. Camm AJ, Lip GY, De Caterina R, Savelieva I, Atar D, Hohnloser SH, et al. 2012 focused update of the ESC Guidelines for the management of atrial fibrillation: An update of the 2010 ESC Guidelines for the management of atrial fibrillation: Developed with the special contribution of the European Heart Rhythm Association. <i>Eur Heart J<\/i> 2012; 33: 2719\u20132747.","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehs253"},{"key":"12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"12. JCS Joint Working Group. Guidelines for pharmacotherapy of atrial fibrillation (JCS 2013): Digest version. <i>Circ J<\/i> 2014; 78: 1997\u20132021.","DOI":"10.1253\/circj.CJ-66-0092"},{"key":"13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"13. Yasaka M, Minematsu K, Yamaguchi T. Optimal intensity of international normalized ratio in warfarin therapy for secondary prevention of stroke in patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation. <i>Intern Med<\/i> 2001; 40: 1183\u20131188.","DOI":"10.2169\/internalmedicine.40.1183"},{"key":"14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"14. Furusho H, Takamura M, Takata S, Sakagami S, Hirazawa M, Kato T, et al. Current status of anticoagulation therapy for elderly atrial fibrillation patients in Japan: From Hokuriku atrial fibrillation trial. <i>Circ J<\/i> 2008; 72: 2058\u20132061.","DOI":"10.1253\/circj.CJ-08-0290"},{"key":"15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"15. Atarashi H, Inoue H, Okumura K, Yamashita T, Origasa H. Investigation of optimal anticoagulation strategy for stroke prevention in Japanese patients with atrial fibrillation: The J-RHYTHM Registry study design. <i>J Cardiol<\/i> 2011; 57: 95\u201399.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jjcc.2010.09.002"},{"key":"16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"16. Atarashi H, Inoue H, Okumura K, Yamashita T, Kumagai N, Origasa H. Present status of anticoagulation treatment in Japanese patients with atrial fibrillation: A report from the J-RHYTHM Registry. <i>Circ J<\/i> 2011; 75: 1328\u20131333.","DOI":"10.1253\/circj.CJ-10-1119"},{"key":"17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"17. Inoue H, Okumura K, Atarashi H, Yamashita T, Origasa H, Kumagai N, et al. 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Poli D, Antonucci E, Grifoni E, Abbate R, Gensini GF, Prisco D. Bleeding risk during oral anticoagulation in atrial fibrillation patients older than 80 years. <i>J Am Coll Cardiol<\/i> 2009; 54: 999\u20131002.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2009.05.046"},{"key":"21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"21. Gage BF, Waterman AD, Shannon W, Boechler M, Rich MW, Radford MJ. Validation of clinical classification schemes for predicting stroke: Results from the National Registry of Atrial Fibrillation. <i>JAMA<\/i> 2001; 285: 2864\u20132870.","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.285.22.2864"},{"key":"22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"22. Lip GY, Nieuwlaat R, Pisters R, Lane DA, Crijns HJ. Refining clinical risk stratification for predicting stroke and thromboembolism in atrial fibrillation using a novel risk factor-based approach: The euro heart survey on atrial fibrillation. <i>Chest<\/i> 2010; 137: 263\u2013272.","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.09-1584"},{"key":"23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"23. Inoue H, Nozawa T, Hirai T, Iwasa A, Okumura K, Lee JD, et al. Accumulation of risk factors increases risk of thromboembolic events in patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation. <i>Circ J<\/i> 2006; 70: 651\u2013656.","DOI":"10.1253\/circj.70.651"},{"key":"24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"24. Rosendaal FR, Cannegieter SC, van der Meer FJ, Briet E. A method to determine the optimal intensity of oral anticoagulant therapy. <i>Thromb Haemost<\/i> 1993; 69: 236\u2013239.","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0038-1651587"},{"key":"25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"25. Connolly SJ, Pogue J, Eikelboom J, Flaker G, Commerford P, Franzosi MG, et al. 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Prognosis and guideline-adherent anti-thrombotic treatment in patients with atrial fibrillation and atrial flutter: Implications of undertreatment and overtreatment in real-life clinical practice; the Loire Valley Atrial Fibrillation Project. <i>Chest<\/i> 2011; 140: 911\u2013917.","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.10-2436"},{"key":"28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"28. Halvorsen S, Atar D, Yang H, De Caterina R, Erol C, Garcia D, et al. Efficacy and safety of apixaban compared with warfarin according to age for stroke prevention in atrial fibrillation: Observations from the ARISTOTLE trial. <i>Eur Heart J<\/i> 2014; 35: 1864\u20131872.","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehu046"},{"key":"29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"29. Akao M, Chun YH, Esato M, Abe M, Tsuji H, Wada H, et al. 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