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January CT, Wann LS, Alpert JS, Calkins H, Cigarroa JE, Cleveland JC Jr, et al. 2014 AHA\/ACC\/HRS guideline for the management of patients with atrial fibrillation: A report of the American College of Cardiology\/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines and the Heart Rhythm Society. <i>J Am Coll Cardiol<\/i> 2014; 64: e1\u2013e76."},{"key":"2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"2. Ren JF, Marchlinski FE, Supple GE, Hutchinson MD, Garcia FC, Riley MP, et al. Intracardiac echocardiographic diagnosis of thrombus formation in the left atrial appendage: A complementary role to transesophageal echocardiography. <i>Echocardiography<\/i> 2013; 30: 72\u201380.","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1540-8175.2012.01819.x"},{"key":"3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"3. Saksena S, Sra J, Jordaens L, Kusumoto F, Knight B, Natale A, et al. A prospective comparison of cardiac imaging using intracardiac echocardiography with transesophageal echocardiography in patients with atrial fibrillation: The intracardiac echocardiography guided cardioversion helps interventional procedures study. <i>Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol<\/i> 2010; 3: 571\u2013577.","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCEP.110.936161"},{"key":"4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"5. Anter E, Silverstein J, Tschabrunn CM, Manning WJ. Comparison of intracardiac echocardiography and transesophageal echocardiography for imaging of the right and left atrial appendages. <i>Heart Rhythm<\/i> 2014; 11: 1890\u20131897.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2014.07.015"},{"key":"5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"6. Nishiyama T, Katsumata Y, Inagawa K, Kimura T, Nishiyama N, Fukumoto K, et al. Visualization of the left atrial appendage by phased-array intracardiac echocardiography from the pulmonary artery in patients with atrial fibrillation. <i>Europace<\/i> 2015; 17: 546\u2013551.","DOI":"10.1093\/europace\/euu383"},{"key":"6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"7. Romero J, Husain SA, Kelesidis I, Sanz J, Medina HM, Garcia MJ. Detection of left atrial appendage thrombus by cardiac computed tomography in patients with atrial fibrillation: A meta-analysis. <i>Circ Cardiovasc Imaging<\/i> 2013; 6: 185\u2013194.","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCIMAGING.112.000153"},{"key":"7","unstructured":"8. McCready JW, Nunn L, Lambiase PD, Ahsan SY, Segal OR, Rowland E, et al. Incidence of left atrial thrombus prior to atrial fibrillation ablation: Is pre-procedural transoesophageal echocardiography mandatory? <i>Europace<\/i> 2010; 12: 927\u2013932."},{"key":"8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"9. Calkins H, Kuck KH, Cappato R, Brugada J, Camm AJ, Chen SA, et al. 2012 HRS\/EHRA\/ECAS Expert Consensus Statement on Catheter and Surgical Ablation of Atrial Fibrillation: Recommendations for patient selection, procedural techniques, patient management and follow-up, definitions, endpoints, and research trial design. <i>Europace<\/i> 2012; 14: 528\u2013606.","DOI":"10.1093\/europace\/eus027"},{"key":"9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"10. January CT, Wann LS, Alpert JS, Calkins H, Cigarroa JE, Cleveland JC Jr, et al. 2014 AHA\/ACC\/HRS guideline for the management of patients with atrial fibrillation: A report of the American College of Cardiology\/American Heart Association Task Force on practice guidelines and the Heart Rhythm Society. <i>Circulation<\/i> 2014; 130: 2071\u20132104.","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0000000000000040"},{"key":"10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"11. Wazni OM, Tsao HM, Chen SA, Chuang HH, Saliba W, Natale A, et al. Cardiovascular imaging in the management of atrial fibrillation. <i>J Am Coll Cardiol<\/i> 2006; 48: 2077\u20132084.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2006.06.072"},{"key":"11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"12. Puwanant S, Varr BC, Shrestha K, Hussain SK, Tang WH, Gabriel RS, et al. Role of the CHADS2 score in the evaluation of thromboembolic risk in patients with atrial fibrillation undergoing transesophageal echocardiography before pulmonary vein isolation. <i>J Am Coll Cardiol<\/i> 2009; 54: 2032\u20132039.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2009.07.037"},{"key":"12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"13. Al-Khatib SM, Thomas L, Wallentin L, Lopes RD, Gersh B, Garcia D, et al. Outcomes of apixaban vs. warfarin by type and duration of atrial fibrillation: Results from the ARISTOTLE trial. <i>Eur Heart J<\/i> 2013; 34: 2464\u20132471.","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/eht135"},{"key":"13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"14. Steinberg BA, Hellkamp AS, Lokhnygina Y, Patel MR, Breithardt G, Hankey GJ, et al. Higher risk of death and stroke in patients with persistent vs. paroxysmal atrial fibrillation: Results from the ROCKET-AF Trial. <i>Eur Heart J<\/i> 2015; 36: 288\u2013296.","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehu359"},{"key":"14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"15. Link MS, Giugliano RP, Ruf CT, Scirica BM, Huikuri H, Oto A, et al. Stroke and mortality risk in patients with various patterns of atrial fibrillation: Results from the ENGAGE AF-TIMI 48 Trial (Effective Anticoagulation With Factor Xa Next Generation in Atrial Fibrillation-Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction 48). <i>Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol<\/i> 2017; 10: e004267.","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCEP.116.004267"},{"key":"15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"16. Shen AY, Yao JF, Brar SS, Chen W. Racial\/ethnic differences in the risk of intracranical hemorrhage among patients with atrial fibrillation. <i>J Am Coll Cardiol<\/i> 2007; 50: 309\u2013315.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2007.01.098"},{"key":"16","unstructured":"17. Japanese Circulation Society. Guidelines for pharmacotherapy of atrial fibrillation 2013. http:\/\/www.j-circ.or.jp\/guideline\/pdf\/JCS2013_inoue_h.pdf (accessed January 23, 2017) (in Japanese)."},{"key":"17","unstructured":"18. Japanese Circulation Society. Guidelines for indications and procedural techniques of catheter ablation 2012. http:\/\/www.j-circ.or.jp\/guideline\/pdf\/JCS2012_okumura.pdf (accessed January 23, 2017) (in Japanese)."},{"key":"18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"19. Di Biase L, Santangeli P, Anselmino M, Mohanty P, Salvetti I, Gili S, et al. Does the left atrial appendage morphology correlate with the risk of stroke in patients with atrial fibrillation?: Results from a multicenter study. <i>J Am Coll Cardiol<\/i> 2012; 60: 531\u2013538.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2012.04.032"},{"key":"19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"20. Kimura T, Takatsuki S, Inagawa K, Katsumata Y, Nishiyama T, Nishiyama N, et al. Anatomical characteristics of the left atrial appendage in cardiogenic stroke with low CHADS2 scores. <i>Heart Rhythm<\/i> 2013; 10: 921\u2013925.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2013.01.036"},{"key":"20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"21. Sommer M, Roehrich A, Boenner F, Aissa J, Kroepil P, Antoch G, et al. Value of 3D TEE for LAA morphology. <i>JACC Cardiovasc Imaging<\/i> 2015; 8: 1107\u20131110.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcmg.2014.07.030"},{"key":"21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"22. Martinez MW, Kirsch J, Williamson EE, Syed IS, Feng D, Ommen S, et al. Utility of nongated multidetector computed tomography for detection of left atrial thrombus in patients undergoing catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation. <i>JACC Cardiovasc Imaging<\/i> 2009; 2: 69\u201376.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcmg.2008.09.011"},{"key":"22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"23. Hur J, Kim YJ, Lee HJ, Nam JE, Hong YJ, Kim HY, et al. Cardioembolic stroke: Dual-energy cardiac CT for differentiation of left atrial appendage thrombus and circulatory stasis. <i>Radiology<\/i> 2012; 263: 688\u2013695.","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.12111691"},{"key":"23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"24. Sawit ST, Garcia-Alvarez A, Suri B, Gaztanaga J, Fernandez-Friera L, Mirelis JG, et al. Usefulness of cardiac computed tomographic delayed contrast enhancement of the left atrial appendage before pulmonary vein ablation. <i>Am J Cardiol<\/i> 2012; 109: 677\u2013684.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2011.10.028"},{"key":"24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"25. 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