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Takae K, Nagata M, Hata J, Mukai N, Hirakawa Y, Yoshida D, et al. Serum uric acid as a risk factor for chronic kidney disease in a Japanese community: The Hisayama Study. <i>Circ J<\/i> 2016; 80: 1857\u20131862."},{"key":"2","unstructured":"2. Kansui Y, Ohtsubo T, Goto K, Sakata S, Ichishima K, Fukuhara M, et al. Association of serum uric acid with blood pressure in Japanese men: Cross-sectional study in work-site group. <i>Circ J<\/i> 2011; 75: 2827\u20132832."},{"key":"3","unstructured":"3. Fagugli RM, Gentile G, Ferrara G, Brugnano R. Acute renal and hepatic failure associated with allopurinol treatment. <i>Clin Nephrol<\/i> 2008; 70: 523\u2013526."},{"key":"4","unstructured":"4. Halevy S, Ghislain PD, Mockenhaupt M, Fagot JP, Bouwes Bavinck JN, Sidoroff A, et al. Allopurinol is the most common cause of Stevens-Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis in Europe and Israel. <i>J Am Acad Dermatol<\/i> 2008; 58: 25\u201332."},{"key":"5","unstructured":"5. Sezai A, Soma M, Nakata K, Hata M, Yoshitake I, Wakui S, et al. Comparison of febuxostat and allopurinol for hyperuricemia in cardiac surgery patients (NU-FLASH Trial). <i>Circ J<\/i> 2013; 77: 2043\u20132049."},{"key":"6","unstructured":"6. Sezai A, Soma M, Nakata K, Osaka S, Ishii Y, Yaoita H, et al. Comparison of febuxostat and allopurinol for hyperuricemia in cardiac surgery patients with chronic kidney disease (NU-FLASH trial for CKD). <i>J Cardiol<\/i> 2015; 66: 298\u2013303."},{"key":"7","unstructured":"7. Becker MA, Schumacher HR, Wortmann RL, MacDonald PA, Eustace D, Palo WA, et al. Febuxostat compared with allopurinol in patients with hyperuricemia and gout. <i>N Engl J Med<\/i> 2005; 353: 2450\u20132461."},{"key":"8","unstructured":"8. Hosoya T, Ogawa Y, Hashimoto H, Ohashi T, Sakamoto R. Comparison of topiroxostat and allopurinol in Japanese hyperuricemic patients with or without gout: A phase 3, multicentre, randomized, double-blind, double-dummy, active-controlled, parallel-group study. <i>J Clin Pharm Ther<\/i> 2016; 41: 290\u2013297."},{"key":"9","unstructured":"9. Obermayr RP, Temml C, Gutjahr G, Knechtelsdorfer M, Oberbauer R, Klauser-Braun R. Elevated uric acid increases the risk for kidney disease. <i>J Am Soc Nephrol<\/i> 2008; 19: 2407\u20132413."},{"key":"10","unstructured":"10. Goicoechea M, de Vinuesa SG, Verdalles U, Ruiz-Caro C, Ampuero J, Rinc\u00f3n A, et al. Effect of allopurinol in chronic kidney disease progression and cardiovascular risk. <i>Clin J Am Soc Nephrol<\/i> 2010; 5: 1388\u20131393."},{"key":"11","unstructured":"11. Whelton A, Macdonald PA, Zhao L, Hunt B, Gunawardhana L. Renal function in gout: Long-term treatment effects of febuxostat. <i>J Clin Rheumatol<\/i> 2011; 17: 7\u201313."},{"key":"12","unstructured":"12. Hosoya T, Ohno I, Nomura S, Hisatome I, Uchida S, Fujimori S, et al. Effects of topiroxostat on the serum urate levels and urinary albumin excretion in hyperuricemic stage 3 chronic kidney disease patients with or without gout. <i>Clin Exp Nephrol<\/i> 2014; 18: 876\u2013884."},{"key":"13","unstructured":"13. Nakamura T, Murase T, Nampei M, Morimoto N, Ashizawa N, Iwanaga T, et al. Effects of topiroxostat and febuxostat on urinary albumin excretion and plasma xanthine oxidoreductase activity in db\/db mice. <i>Eur J Phamacol<\/i> 2016; 780: 224\u2013231."},{"key":"14","unstructured":"14. Fukui T, Murayama M, Yamauchi K, Yoshitaka S, Yasuda T, Abe Y. 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