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Pocock SJ, Wang D, Pfeffer MA, Yusuf S, McMurray JJ, Swedberg KB, et al. Predictors of mortality and morbidity in patients with chronic heart failure. <i>Eur Heart J<\/i> 2006; 27: 65\u201375.","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehi555"},{"key":"2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"2. Ide T, Ohtani K, Higo T, Tanaka M, Kawasaki Y, Tsutsui H. Ivabradine for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. <i>Circ J<\/i> 2019; 83: 252\u2013260.","DOI":"10.1253\/circj.CJ-18-1184"},{"key":"3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"3. Swedberg K, Komajda M, B\u00f6hm M, Borer JS, Ford I, Dubost-Brama A, et al. Ivabradine and outcomes in chronic heart failure (SHIFT): A randomised placebo-controlled study. <i>Lancet<\/i> 2010; 11: 875\u2013885.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(10)61198-1"},{"key":"4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"4. Tsutsui H, Momomura S, Yamashina A, Ogawa H, Shimokawa H, Kihara Y, et al. Heart rate control with I<sub>f<\/sub> inhibitor, ivabradine, in Japanese patients with chronic heart failure: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase II study. <i>Circ J<\/i> 2016; 80: 668\u2013676.","DOI":"10.1253\/circj.CJ-15-1112"},{"key":"5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"5. Tsutsui H, Ito H, Kitakaze M, Komuro I, Murohara T, Izumi T, et al. Double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial evaluating the efficacy and safety of eplerenone in Japanese patients with chronic heart failure (J-EMPHASIS-HF). <i>Circ J<\/i> 2017; 82: 148\u2013158.","DOI":"10.1253\/circj.CJ-17-0323"},{"key":"6","unstructured":"6. Matsuzaki M, Ishii M, Izumi T, Ito H, Ito H, Ueda Y, et al. Guidelines for treatment of chronic heart failure (JCS 2010) (updated September 13, 2013). http:\/\/www.j-circ.or.jp\/guideline\/pdf\/JCS2010_matsuzaki_h.pdf (accessed December 1, 2018)."},{"key":"7","unstructured":"7. Tsutsui H, Isobe M, Ito H, Ito H, Ito H, Okumura K, et al. Guidelines for diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure (JCS 2017\/JHFS 2017). http:\/\/www.j-circ.or.jp\/guideline\/pdf\/JCS2017_tsutsui_h.pdf (accessed December 1, 2018)."},{"key":"8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"8. B\u00f6hm M, Borer J, Ford I, Gonzalez-Juanatey JR, Komajda M, Lopez-Sendon J, et al. Heart rate at baseline influences the effect of ivabradine on cardiovascular outcomes in chronic heart failure: Analysis from the SHIFT study. <i>Clin Res Cardiol<\/i> 2013; 102: 11\u201322.","DOI":"10.1007\/s00392-012-0467-8"},{"key":"9","unstructured":"9. World Medical Association. World Medical Association Declaration of Helsinki: Ethical principles for medical research involving human subjects. <i>Bull World Health Organ<\/i> 2001; 79: 373\u2013374."},{"key":"10","unstructured":"10. ICH Steering Committee. Guideline for good clinical practice E6 (R1). 1996. https:\/\/www.ich.org.\/fileadmin\/Public_Web_Site\/ICH_Products\/Guidelines\/Efficacy\/E6\/E6_R1_Guideline.pdf (accessed December 1, 2018)."},{"key":"11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"11. Shiba N, Shimokawa H. Prospective care of heart failure in Japan: Lessons from CHART studies. <i>EPMA J<\/i> 2011; 2: 425\u2013438.","DOI":"10.1007\/s13167-011-0097-7"},{"key":"12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"12. Mori Y, Nishikawa Y, Kobayashi F, Hiramatsu K. Clinical status and outcome of Japanese heart failure patients with reduced or preserved ejection fraction treated with carvedilol. <i>Int Heart J<\/i> 2013; 54: 15\u201322.","DOI":"10.1536\/ihj.54.15"},{"key":"13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"13. Hori M, Nagai R, Izumi T, Matsuzaki M. 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