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Calkins H, Hindricks G, Cappato R, Kim YH, Saad EB, Aguinaga L, et al. 2017 HRS\/EHRA\/ECAS\/APHRS\/SOLAECE expert consensus statement on catheter and surgical ablation of atrial fibrillation: Executive summary. <i>J Arrhythmia<\/i> 2017; 33: 369\u2013409.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joa.2017.08.001"},{"key":"2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"2. Markides V, Schilling RJ, Ho SY, Chow AW, Davies DW, Peters NS. Characterization of left atrial activation in the intact human heart. <i>Circulation<\/i> 2003; 107: 733\u2013739.","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000048140.31785.02"},{"key":"3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"3. Roberts-Thomson KC, Stevenson IH, Kistler PM, Haqqani HM, Goldblatt JC, Sanders P, et al. Anatomically determined functional conduction delay in the posterior left atrium relationship to structural heart disease. <i>J Am Coll Cardiol<\/i> 2008; 51: 856\u2013862.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2007.11.037"},{"key":"4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"4. Roberts-Thomson KC, Stevenson I, Kistler PM, Haqqani HM, Spence SJ, Goldblatt JC, et al. The role of chronic atrial stretch and atrial fibrillation on posterior left atrial wall conduction. <i>Heart Rhythm<\/i> 2009; 6: 1109\u20131117.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2009.04.008"},{"key":"5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"5. Kalifa J, Tanaka K, Zaitsev AV, Warren M, Vaidyanathan R, Auerbach D, et al. Mechanisms of wave fractionation at boundaries of high-frequency excitation in the posterior left atrium of the isolated sheep heart during atrial fibrillation. <i>Circulation<\/i> 2006; 113: 626\u2013633.","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.105.575340"},{"key":"6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"6. Lin WS, Tai CT, Hsieh MH, Tsai CF, Lin YK, Tsao HM, et al. Catheter ablation of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation initiated by non-pulmonary vein ectopy. <i>Circulation<\/i> 2003; 107: 3176\u20133183.","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000074206.52056.2D"},{"key":"7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"7. Lim HS, Hocini M, Dubois R, Denis A, Derval N, Zellerhoff S, et al. Complexity and distribution of drivers in relation to duration of persistent atrial fibrillation. <i>J Am Coll Cardiol<\/i> 2017; 69: 1257\u20131269.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2017.01.014"},{"key":"8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"8. Kumagai K, Muraoka S, Mitsutake C, Takashima H, Nakashima H. A new approach for complete isolation of the posterior left atrium including pulmonary veins for atrial fibrillation. <i>J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol<\/i> 2007; 18: 1047\u20131052.","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1540-8167.2007.00911.x"},{"key":"9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"9. Kumagai K. Box isolation for atrial fibrillation. <i>J Arrhythmia<\/i> 2011; 27: 255\u2013267.","DOI":"10.1016\/S1880-4276(11)80029-3"},{"key":"10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"10. Cutler MJ, Johnson J, Abozguia K, Rowan S, Lewis W, Costantini O, et al. Impact of voltage mapping to guide whether to perform ablation of the posterior wall in patients with persistent atrial fibrillation. <i>J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol<\/i> 2016; 27: 13\u201321.","DOI":"10.1111\/jce.12830"},{"key":"11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"11. Kumagai K, Toyama H, Zhang B. Effects of additional ablation of low-voltage areas after box isolation for persistent atrial fibrillation. <i>J Arrhythmia<\/i> 2019; 35: 197\u2013204.","DOI":"10.1002\/joa3.12169"},{"key":"12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"12. Lim TW, Koay CH, See VA, McCall R, Chik W, Zecchin R, et al. Single-ring posterior left atrial (box) isolation results in a different mode of recurrence compared with wide antral pulmonary vein isolation on long-term follow-up: Longer atrial fibrillation-free survival time but similar survival time free of any atrial arrhythmia. <i>Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol<\/i> 2012; 5: 968\u2013977.","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCEP.111.970293"},{"key":"13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"13. Nalliah C, Lim TW, Bhaskaran A, Kizana E, Kovoor P, Thomas L, et al. Posterior left atrial isolation for atrial fibrillation in left ventricular diastolic impairment is associated with better arrhythmia free survival. <i>Int J Cardiol<\/i> 2015; 184: 674\u2013679.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2015.01.068"},{"key":"14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"14. O\u2019Neill L, Hensey M, Nolan W, Keane D. Clinical outcome when left atrial posterior wall box isolation is included as a catheter ablation strategy in patients with persistent atrial fibrillation. <i>J Interv Card Electrophysiol<\/i> 2015; 44: 63\u201370.","DOI":"10.1007\/s10840-015-0024-2"},{"key":"15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"15. Kim JS, Shin SY, Na JO, Choi CU, Kim SH, Kim JW, et al. Does isolation of the left atrial posterior wall improve clinical outcomes after radiofrequency catheter ablation for persistent atrial fibrillation? A prospective randomized clinical trial. <i>Int J Cardiol<\/i> 2015; 181: 277\u2013283.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2014.12.035"},{"key":"16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"16. Roberts JD, Gerstenfeld EP. Concomitant isolation of the pulmonary veins and posterior wall using a box lesion set in a patient with persistent atrial fibrillation and variant pulmonary venous anatomy. <i>Card Electrophysiol Clin<\/i> 2016; 8: 145\u2013149.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccep.2015.10.015"},{"key":"17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"17. He X, Zhou Y, Chen Y, Wu L, Huang Y, He J. Left atrial posterior wall isolation reduces the recurrence of atrial fibrillation: A meta-analysis. <i>J Interv Card Electrophysiol<\/i> 2016; 46: 267\u2013274.","DOI":"10.1007\/s10840-016-0124-7"},{"key":"18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"18. Bai R, Di Biase L, Mohanty P, Trivedi C, Dello Russo A, Themistoclakis S, et al. Proven isolation of the pulmonary vein antrum with or without left atrial posterior wall isolation in patients with persistent atrial fibrillation. <i>Heart Rhythm<\/i> 2016; 13: 132\u2013140.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2015.08.019"},{"key":"19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"19. Rolf S, Kircher S, Arya A, Eitel C, Sommer P, Richter S, et al. Tailored atrial substrate modification based on low-voltage areas in catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation. <i>Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol<\/i> 2014; 7: 825\u2013833.","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCEP.113.001251"},{"key":"20","unstructured":"20. Kottkamp H, Bender R, Berg J. Catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation: How to modify the substrate? <i>J Am Coll Cardiol<\/i> 2015; 65: 196\u2013206."},{"key":"21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"21. Kottkamp H, Berg J, Bender R, Rieger A, Schreiber D. Box Isolation of Fibrotic Areas (BIFA): A patient-tailored substrate modification approach for ablation of atrial fibrillation. <i>J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol<\/i> 2016; 27: 22\u201330.","DOI":"10.1111\/jce.12870"},{"key":"22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"22. Yamaguchi T, Tsuchiya T, Nakahara S, Fukui A, Nagamoto Y, Murotani K, et al. Efficacy of left atrial voltage-based catheter ablation of persistent atrial fibrillation. <i>J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol<\/i> 2016; 27: 1055\u20131063.","DOI":"10.1111\/jce.13019"},{"key":"23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"23. Sakata K, Okuyama Y, Ozawa T, Haraguchi R, Nakazawa K, Tsuchiya T, et al. 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