{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,27]],"date-time":"2026-05-27T13:32:29Z","timestamp":1779888749136,"version":"3.53.1"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Japanese Circulation Society","issue":"10","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Circ J"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,25]]},"DOI":"10.1253\/circj.cj-20-0192","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,25]],"date-time":"2020-08-25T22:07:54Z","timestamp":1598393274000},"page":"1779-1785","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Serum Bilirubin in the Czech Population\u3000\u2015 Relationship to the Risk of Myocardial Infarction in Males \u2015"],"prefix":"10.1253","volume":"84","author":[{"given":"Lenka","family":"Eremiasova","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Medical Biochemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, Faculty General Hospital and 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University"},{"name":"2nd Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty General Hospital and 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jaroslav A","family":"Hubacek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Experimental Medicine, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vil\u00e9m","family":"Danzig","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"2nd Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty General Hospital and 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"V\u011bra","family":"Adamkova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Preventive Cardiology, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lenka","family":"Mrazova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Experimental Medicine, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jan","family":"Pitha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Experimental Medicine, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"V\u011bra","family":"Lanska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Statistics Unit, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Renata","family":"C\u00edfkov\u00e1","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"2nd Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty General Hospital and 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University"},{"name":"Center for Cardiovascular Prevention, 1st Faculty of Medicine and Thomayer Hospital, Charles University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Libor","family":"Vitek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Medical Biochemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, Faculty General Hospital and 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University"},{"name":"4th Department of Internal Medicine, 1st Faculty of Medicine Faculty and General Hospital, Charles University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"330","reference":[{"key":"1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"1. Timmis A, Townsend N, Gale CP, Torbica A, Lettino M, Petersen SE, et al. European Society of Cardiology: Cardiovascular Disease Statistics 2019. <i>Eur Heart J<\/i> 2020; 41: 12\u201385.","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehz859"},{"key":"2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"2. Wang Y, Chun OK, Song WO. Plasma and dietary antioxidant status as cardiovascular disease risk factors: A review of human studies. <i>Nutrients<\/i> 2013; 5: 2969\u20133004.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu5082969"},{"key":"3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"3. Gazzin S, Vitek L, Watchko J, Shapiro SM, Tiribelli C. A novel perspective on the biology of bilirubin in health and disease. <i>Trends Mol Med<\/i> 2016; 22: 758\u2013768.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2016.07.004"},{"key":"4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"4. Jangi S, Otterbein L, Robson S. The molecular basis for the immunomodulatory activities of unconjugated bilirubin. <i>Int J Biochem Cell Biol<\/i> 2013; 45: 2843\u20132851.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2013.09.014"},{"key":"5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"5. Vitek L. Bilirubin as a signaling molecule. <i>Med Res Rev<\/i> 2020; 40: 1335\u20131351.","DOI":"10.1002\/med.21660"},{"key":"6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"6. Stocker R, Yamamoto Y, McDonagh AF, Glazer AN, Ames BN. Bilirubin is an antioxidant of possible physiological importance. <i>Science<\/i> 1987; 235: 1043\u20131046.","DOI":"10.1126\/science.3029864"},{"key":"7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"7. Vitek L. Bilirubin and atherosclerotic diseases. <i>Physiol Res<\/i> 2017; 66: S11\u2013S20.","DOI":"10.33549\/physiolres.933581"},{"key":"8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"8. Wagner KH, Wallner M, Molzer C, Gazzin S, Bulmer AC, Tiribelli C, et al. Looking to the horizon: The role of bilirubin in the development and prevention of age-related chronic diseases. <i>Clin Sci (Lond)<\/i> 2015; 129: 1\u201325.","DOI":"10.1042\/CS20140566"},{"key":"9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"9. Bosma PJ, Chowdhury JR, Bakker C, Gantla S, de Boer A, Oostra BA, et al. The genetic basis of the reduced expression of bilirubin UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1 in Gilbert\u2019s syndrome. <i>N Engl J Med<\/i> 1995; 333: 1171\u20131175.","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199511023331802"},{"key":"10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"10. Lin JP, Vitek L, Schwertner HA. Serum bilirubin and genes controlling bilirubin concentrations as biomarkers for cardiovascular disease. <i>Clin Chem<\/i> 2010; 56: 1535\u20131543.","DOI":"10.1373\/clinchem.2010.151043"},{"key":"11","unstructured":"11. Vitek L, Bellarosa C, Tiribelli C. Induction of mild hyperbilirubinemia: Hype or real therapeutic opportunity? <i>Clin Pharmacol Ther<\/i> 2019; 106: 568\u2013575."},{"key":"12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"12. Johnson AD, Kavousi M, Smith AV, Chen MH, Dehghan A, Aspelund T, et al. Genome-wide association meta-analysis for total serum bilirubin levels. <i>Hum Mol Genet<\/i> 2009; 18: 2700\u20132710.","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/ddp202"},{"key":"13","unstructured":"13. Beutler E, Gelbart T, Demina A. Racial variability in the UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1 (UGT1A1) promoter: A balanced polymorphism for regulation of bilirubin metabolism? <i>Proc Natl Acad Sci USA<\/i> 1998; 95: 8170\u20138174."},{"key":"14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"14. Stender S, Frikke-Schmidt R, Nordestgaard BG, Grande P, Tybjaerg-Hansen A. Genetically elevated bilirubin and risk of ischaemic heart disease: Three Mendelian randomization studies and a meta-analysis. <i>J Intern Med<\/i> 2013; 273: 59\u201368.","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2796.2012.02576.x"},{"key":"15","unstructured":"15. Vitek L. Bilirubin as a predictor of diseases of civilization: Is it time to establish decision limits for serum bilirubin concentrations? <i>Arch Biochem Biophys<\/i> 2019; 672: 108062."},{"key":"16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"16. Novotny L, Vitek L. Inverse relationship between serum bilirubin and atherosclerosis in men: A meta-analysis of published studies. <i>Exp Biol Med<\/i> 2003; 228: 568\u2013571.","DOI":"10.1177\/15353702-0322805-29"},{"key":"17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"17. Schwertner HA, Fischer JR Jr. Comparison of various lipid, lipoprotein, and bilirubin combinations as risk factors for predicting coronary artery disease. <i>Atherosclerosis<\/i> 2000; 150: 381\u2013387.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9150(99)00387-1"},{"key":"18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"18. Hubacek JA, Vrablik M, Dlouha D, Stanek V, Gebauerova M, Adamkova V, et al. Gene variants at FTO, 9p21, and 2q36.3 are age-independently associated with myocardial infarction in Czech men. <i>Clin Chim Acta<\/i> 2016; 454: 119\u2013123.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cca.2016.01.005"},{"key":"19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"19. Hubacek JA, Stanek V, Gebauerova M, Pilipcincova A, Dlouha D, Poledne R, et al. A FTO variant and risk of acute coronary syndrome. <i>Clin Chim Acta<\/i> 2010; 411: 1069\u20131072.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cca.2010.03.037"},{"key":"20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"20. Pitha J, Hubacek JA, Poledne R, Stanek V, Aschermann M, Gebauerova M, et al. Genetic determination of the prognosis in survivors of acute coronary syndromes: Study design and rationale for a multicentric study. <i>Cor Vasa<\/i> 2007; 49: 134\u2013137.","DOI":"10.33678\/cor.2007.051"},{"key":"21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"21. Miller SA, Dykes DD, Polesky HF. A simple salting out procedure for extracting DNA from human nucleated cells. <i>Nucleic Acids Res<\/i> 1988; 16: 1215.","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/16.3.1215"},{"key":"22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"22. Jiraskova A, Lenicek M, Vitek L. Simultaneous genotyping of microsatellite variations in HMOX1 and UGT1A1 genes using multicolored capillary electrophoresis. <i>Clin Biochem<\/i> 2010; 43: 697\u2013699.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinbiochem.2010.01.006"},{"key":"23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"23. Jiraskova A, Novotny J, Novotny L, Vodicka P, Pardini B, Naccarati A, et al. Association of serum bilirubin and promoter variations in HMOX1 and UGT1A1 genes with sporadic colorectal cancer. <i>Int J Cancer<\/i> 2012; 131: 1549\u20131555.","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.27412"},{"key":"24","unstructured":"24. Ceriotti F. Prerequisites for use of common reference intervals. <i>Clin Biochem Rev<\/i> 2007; 28: 115\u2013121."},{"key":"25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"25. Kunutsor SK, Apekey TA, Khan H. Liver enzymes and risk of cardiovascular disease in the general population: A meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies. <i>Atherosclerosis<\/i> 2014; 236: 7\u201317.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2014.06.006"},{"key":"26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"26. Kunutsor SK, Apekey TA, Seddoh D, Walley J. Liver enzymes and risk of all-cause mortality in general populations: A systematic review and meta-analysis. <i>Int J Epidemiol<\/i> 2014; 43: 187\u2013201.","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyt192"},{"key":"27","unstructured":"27. Kratz A, Ferraro M, Sluss PM, Lewandrowski KB. Case records of the Massachusetts General Hospital: Weekly clinicopathological exercises <i>N Engl J Med<\/i> 2004; 351: 1548\u20131563."},{"key":"28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"28. Friedberg RC, Souers R, Wagar EA, Stankovic AK, Valenstein PN, College of American Pathologists. The origin of reference intervals. <i>Arch Pathol Lab Med<\/i> 2007; 131: 348\u2013357.","DOI":"10.5858\/2007-131-348-TOORI"},{"key":"29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"29. Schwertner HA, Vitek L. Gilbert syndrome, UGT1A1*28 allele, and cardiovascular disease risk: Possible protective effects and therapeutic applications of bilirubin. <i>Atherosclerosis<\/i> 2008; 198: 1\u201311.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2008.01.001"},{"key":"30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"30. Lan Y, Liu H, Liu J, Zhao H, Wang H. Is serum total bilirubin a predictor of prognosis in arteriosclerotic cardiovascular disease?: A meta-analysis. <i>Medicine (Baltimore)<\/i> 2019; 98: e17544.","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000017544"},{"key":"31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"31. Shen H, Zeng C, Wu X, Liu S, Chen X. Prognostic value of total bilirubin in patients with acute myocardial infarction: A meta-analysis. <i>Medicine (Baltimore)<\/i> 2019; 98: e13920.","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000013920"},{"key":"32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"32. Okuhara K, Kisaka T, Ozono R, Kurisu S, Inoue I, Soga J, et al. Change in bilirubin level following acute myocardial infarction is an index for heme oxygenase activation. <i>South Med J<\/i> 2010; 103: 876\u2013881.","DOI":"10.1097\/SMJ.0b013e3181eac06a"},{"key":"33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"33. Sahin O, Akpek M, Elcik D, Karadavut S, Simsek V, Tulmac M, et al. Bilirubin levels and the burden of coronary atherosclerosis in patients with STEMI. <i>Angiology<\/i> 2013; 64: 200\u2013204.","DOI":"10.1177\/0003319712440619"},{"key":"34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"34. Canpolat U, Aytemir K, Yorgun H, Hazirolan T, Kaya EB, Sahiner L, et al. Association of serum total bilirubin levels with the severity, extent and subtypes of coronary atherosclerotic plaques detected by coronary CT angiography. <i>Int J Cardiovasc Imaging<\/i> 2013; 29: 1371\u20131379.","DOI":"10.1007\/s10554-013-0209-7"},{"key":"35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"35. Liu JY, Qu K, Sferruzza AD, Bender RA. Distribution of the UGT1A1*28 polymorphism in Caucasian and Asian populations in the US: A genomic analysis of 138 healthy individuals. <i>Anticancer Drugs<\/i> 2007; 18: 693\u2013696.","DOI":"10.1097\/CAD.0b013e32803a46fe"},{"key":"36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"36. Sedlak TW, Snyder SH. Messenger molecules and cell death: Therapeutic implications. <i>JAMA<\/i> 2006; 295: 81\u201389.","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.295.1.81"},{"key":"37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"37. Ja\u0161prova J, Dvorak A, Vecka M, Lenicek M, Lacina O, Valaskova P, et al. A novel accurate LC-MS\/MS method for quantitative determination of Z-lumirubin. <i>Sci Rep<\/i> 2020; 10: 4411.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-61280-z"},{"key":"38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"38. Vernon G, Baranova A, Younossi ZM. Systematic review: The epidemiology and natural history of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis in adults. <i>Aliment Pharmacol Ther<\/i> 2011; 34: 274\u2013285.","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2036.2011.04724.x"},{"key":"39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"39. Ndrepepa G, Kastrati A. Gamma-glutamyl transferase and cardiovascular disease. <i>Ann Transl Med<\/i> 2016; 4: 481.","DOI":"10.21037\/atm.2016.12.27"},{"key":"40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"40. Kunutsor SK, Abbasi A, Adler AI. Gamma-glutamyl transferase and risk of type II diabetes: An updated systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis. <i>Ann Epidemiol<\/i> 2014; 24: 809\u2013816.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annepidem.2014.09.001"},{"key":"41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"41. Fraser A, Harris R, Sattar N, Ebrahim S, Smith GD, Lawlor DA. Gamma-glutamyltransferase is associated with incident vascular events independently of alcohol intake: Analysis of the British Women\u2019s Heart and Health Study and Meta-Analysis. <i>Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol<\/i> 2007; 27: 2729\u20132735.","DOI":"10.1161\/ATVBAHA.107.152298"},{"key":"42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"42. Ioannou GN, Weiss NS, Boyko EJ, Mozaffarian D, Lee SP. Elevated serum alanine aminotransferase activity and calculated risk of coronary heart disease in the United States. <i>Hepatology<\/i> 2006; 43: 1145\u20131151.","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.21171"},{"key":"43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"43. Ioannou GN, Boyko EJ, Lee SP. The prevalence and predictors of elevated serum aminotransferase activity in the United States in 1999\u20132002. <i>Am J Gastroenterol<\/i> 2006; 101: 76\u201382.","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.2005.00341.x"},{"key":"44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"44. Mahady SE, Gale J, Macaskill P, Craig JC, George J. Prevalence of elevated alanine transaminase in Australia and its relationship to metabolic risk factors: A cross-sectional study of 9,447 people. <i>J Gastroenterol Hepatol<\/i> 2017; 32: 169\u2013176.","DOI":"10.1111\/jgh.13434"},{"key":"45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"45. Lee TH, Kim WR, Benson JT, Therneau TM, Melton LJ III. Serum aminotransferase activity and mortality risk in a United States community. <i>Hepatology<\/i> 2008; 47: 880\u2013887.","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.22090"},{"key":"46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"46. Ruhl CE, Everhart JE. Elevated serum alanine aminotransferase and gamma-glutamyltransferase and mortality in the United States population. <i>Gastroenterology<\/i> 2009; 136: 477\u2013485.e411.","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2008.10.052"},{"key":"47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"47. Hyun HJ, Shim JJ, Kim JW, Lee JS, Lee CK, Jang JY, et al. The prevalence of elevated alanine transaminase and its possible causes in the general Korean population. <i>J Clin Gastroenterol<\/i> 2014; 48: 534\u2013539.","DOI":"10.1097\/MCG.0b013e3182a474d3"},{"key":"48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"48. Clark JM, Brancati FL, Diehl AM. The prevalence and etiology of elevated aminotransferase levels in the United States. <i>Am J Gastroenterol<\/i> 2003; 98: 960\u2013967.","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.2003.07486.x"}],"container-title":["Circulation Journal"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.jstage.jst.go.jp\/article\/circj\/84\/10\/84_CJ-20-0192\/_pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,29]],"date-time":"2021-03-29T08:50:41Z","timestamp":1617007841000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.jstage.jst.go.jp\/article\/circj\/84\/10\/84_CJ-20-0192\/_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,25]]},"references-count":48,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1253\/circj.cj-20-0192","relation":{},"ISSN":["1346-9843","1347-4820"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1346-9843","type":"print"},{"value":"1347-4820","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,25]]}}}