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Yusuf S, Pitt B, Davis CE, Hood WB Jr, Cohn JN. Effect of enalapril on mortality and the development of heart failure in asymptomatic patients with reduced left ventricular ejection fractions. <i>N Engl J Med<\/i> 1992; 327: 685\u2013691.","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199209033271003"},{"key":"2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"2. Packer M, Coats AJ, Fowler MB, Katus HA, Krum H, Mohacsi P, et al. Effect of carvedilol on survival in severe chronic heart failure. <i>N Engl J Med<\/i> 2001; 344: 1651\u20131658.","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM200105313442201"},{"key":"3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"3. Ponikowski P, Voors AA, Anker SD, Bueno H, Cleland JGF, Coats AJS, et al. 2016 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure: The Task Force for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC). Developed with the special contribution of the Heart Failure Association (HFA) of the ESC. <i>Eur Heart J<\/i> 2016; 37: 2129\u20132200.","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehw128"},{"key":"4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"4. Cleland JG, Tendera M, Adamus J, Freemantle N, Polonski L, Taylor J et al. The perindopril in elderly people with chronic heart failure (PEP-CHF) study. <i>Eur Heart J<\/i> 2006; 27: 2338\u20132345.","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehl250"},{"key":"5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"5. Massie BM, Carson PE, McMurray JJ, Komajda M, McKelvie R, Zile MR, et al. Irbesartan in patients with heart failure and preserved ejection fraction. <i>N Engl J Med<\/i> 2008; 359: 2456\u20132467.","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0805450"},{"key":"6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"6. van Veldhuisen DJ, Cohen-Solal A, B\u00f6hm M, Anker SD, Babalis D, Roughton M, et al. 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Association between use of beta-blockers and outcomes in patients with heart failure and preserved ejection fraction. <i>JAMA<\/i> 2014; 312: 2008\u20132018.","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2014.15241"},{"key":"9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"9. Choi KH, Choi JO, Jeon ES, Lee GY, Choi DJ, Lee HY, et al. Guideline-directed medical therapy for patients with heart failure with midrange ejection fraction: A patient-pooled analysis from the Kor HF and Kor AHF Registries. <i>J Am Heart Assoc<\/i> 2018; 7: e009806.","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.118.009806"},{"key":"10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"10. Hernandez AF, Hammill BG, O\u2019Connor CM, Schulman KA, Curtis LH, Fonarow GC. 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Sympathetic and renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system activation in heart failure with preserved, mid-range and reduced ejection fraction. <i>Int J Cardiol<\/i> 2019; 296: 91\u201397.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2019.08.040"},{"key":"22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"22. Konstam MA, Rousseau MF, Kronenberg MW, Udelson JE, Melin J, Stewart D, et al. Effects of the angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor enalapril on the long-term progression of left ventricular dysfunction in patients with heart failure. SOLVD Investigators. <i>Circulation<\/i> 1992; 86: 431\u2013438.","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.86.2.431"},{"key":"23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"23. Gilbert EM, Abraham WT, Olsen S, Hattler B, White M, Mealy P, et al. Comparative hemodynamic, left ventricular functional, and antiadrenergic effects of chronic treatment with metoprolol versus carvedilol in the failing heart. <i>Circulation<\/i> 1996; 94: 2817\u20132825.","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.94.11.2817"},{"key":"24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"24. Pahor M, Bernabei R, Sgadari A, Gambassi G Jr, Lo Giudice P, Pacifici L, et al. Enalapril prevents cardiac fibrosis and arrhythmias in hypertensive rats. <i>Hypertension<\/i> 1991; 18: 148\u2013157.","DOI":"10.1161\/01.HYP.18.2.148"},{"key":"25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"25. Seo WW, Park JJ, Park HA, Cho HJ, Lee HY, Kim KH, et al. Guideline-directed medical therapy in elderly patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction: A cohort study. <i>BMJ Open<\/i> 2020; 10: e030514.","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2019-030514"},{"key":"26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"26. CIBIS-II Investigators and Committees. The Cardiac Insufficiency Bisoprolol Study II (CIBIS-II): A randomised trial. <i>Lancet<\/i> 1999; 353: 9\u201313.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(98)11181-9"},{"key":"27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"27. Cohn JN. Interaction of beta-blockers and angiotensin receptor blockers\/ACE inhibitors in heart failure. <i>J Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone Syst<\/i> 2003; 4: 137\u2013139.","DOI":"10.3317\/jraas.2003.021"},{"key":"28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"28. Tsuji K, Sakata Y, Nochioka K, Miura M, Yamauchi T, Onose T, et al. Characterization of heart failure patients with mid-range left ventricular ejection fraction: A report from the CHART-2 Study. <i>Eur J Heart Fail<\/i> 2017; 19: 1258\u20131269.","DOI":"10.1002\/ejhf.807"},{"key":"29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"29. Cleland JGF, Bunting KV, Flather MD, Altman DG, Holmes J, Coats AJS, et al. Beta-blockers for heart failure with reduced, mid-range, and preserved ejection fraction: An individual patient-level analysis of double-blind randomized trials. <i>Eur Heart J<\/i> 2018; 39: 26\u201335.","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehx564"},{"key":"30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"30. Bohm M, Bewarder Y, Kindermann I. 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