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Schwartz PJ. 1970\u20132020: 50 years of research on the long QT syndrome: From almost zero knowledge to precision medicine. <i>Eur Heart J<\/i> 2021; 42: 1063\u20131072.","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehaa769"},{"key":"2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"2. Moss AJ, Schwartz PJ, Crampton RS, Locati E, Carleen E. The long QT syndrome: A prospective international study. <i>Circulation<\/i> 1985; 71: 17\u201321.","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.71.1.17"},{"key":"3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"3. Imai Y, Kusano K, Aiba T, Ako J, Asano Y, Harada-Shiba M, et al. JCS\/JCC\/JSPCCS 2024 guideline on genetic testing and counseling in cardiovascular disease. <i>Circ J<\/i> 2024; 88: 2022\u20132099, doi:10.1253\/circj.CJ-23-0926.","DOI":"10.1253\/circj.CJ-23-0926"},{"key":"4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"4. Zareba W, Moss AJ, Schwartz PJ, Vincent GM, Robinson JL, Priori SG, et al. Influence of the genotype on the clinical course of the long-QT syndrome: International Long-QT Syndrome Registry Research Group. <i>N Engl J Med<\/i> 1998; 339: 960\u2013965.","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199810013391404"},{"key":"5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"5. Schwartz PJ, Priori SG, Spazzolini C, Moss AJ, Vincent GM, Napolitano C, et al. Genotype\u2013phenotype correlation in the long-QT syndrome: Gene-specific triggers for life-threatening arrhythmias. <i>Circulation<\/i> 2001; 103: 89\u201395.","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.103.1.89"},{"key":"6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"6. Priori SG, Schwartz PJ, Napolitano C, Bloise R, Ronchetti E, Grillo M, et al. Risk stratification in the long-QT syndrome. <i>N Engl J Med<\/i> 2003; 348: 1866\u20131874.","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa022147"},{"key":"7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"7. Shimizu W, Horie M, Ohno S, Takenaka K, Yamaguchi M, Shimizu M, et al. Mutation site-specific differences in arrhythmic risk and sensitivity to sympathetic stimulation in the LQT1 form of congenital long QT syndrome: Multicenter study in Japan. <i>J Am Coll Cardiol<\/i> 2004; 44: 117\u2013125.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2004.03.043"},{"key":"8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"8. Shimizu W, Moss AJ, Wilde AA, Towbin JA, Ackerman MJ, January CT, et al. Genotype-phenotype aspects of type 2 long QT syndrome. <i>J Am Coll Cardiol<\/i> 2009; 54: 2052\u20132062.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2009.08.028"},{"key":"9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"9. Schwartz PJ, Moreno C, Kotta MC, Pedrazzini M, Crotti L, Dagradi F, et al. Mutation location and <i>I<\/i><sub>Ks<\/sub> regulation in the arrhythmic risk of long QT syndrome type 1: The importance of the <i>KCNQ1<\/i> S6 region. <i>Eur Heart J<\/i> 2021; 42: 4743\u20134755.","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehab582"},{"key":"10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"10. Aizawa T, Wada Y, Hasegawa K, Huang H, Imamura T, Gao J, et al. Non-missense variants of <i>KCNH2<\/i> show better outcomes in type 2 long QT syndrome. <i>Europace<\/i> 2023; 25: 1491\u20131499.","DOI":"10.1093\/europace\/euac269"},{"key":"11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"11. Kashiwa A, Itoh H, Makiyama T, Wada Y, Ozawa J, Kato K, et al. Clinical characterization of type 1 long QT syndrome caused by C-terminus Kv7.1 variants. <i>Heart Rhythm<\/i> 2024; 21: 1113\u20131120.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2024.02.021"},{"key":"12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"12. Adler A, Novelli V, Amin AS, Abiusi E, Care M, Nannenberg EA, et al. An international, multicentered, evidence-based reappraisal of genes reported to cause congenital long QT syndrome. <i>Circulation<\/i> 2020; 141: 418\u2013428.","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.119.043132"},{"key":"13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"13. Wilde AAM, Semsarian C, Marquez MF, Sepehri Shamloo A, Ackerman MJ, Ashley EA, et al. European Heart Rhythm Association (EHRA)\/Heart Rhythm Society (HRS)\/Asia Pacific Heart Rhythm Society (APHRS)\/Latin American Heart Rhythm Society (LAHRS) Expert Consensus Statement on the state of genetic testing for cardiac diseases. <i>J Arrhythm<\/i> 2022; 38: 491\u2013553.","DOI":"10.1093\/europace\/euac030"},{"key":"14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"14. Schwartz PJ, Crotti L. QTc behavior during exercise and genetic testing for the long-QT syndrome. <i>Circulation<\/i> 2011; 124: 2181\u20132184.","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.111.062182"},{"key":"15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"15. Tomidokoro D, Nakamura T, Oka S, Miyazaki Y, Wakamiya A, Ueda N, et al. Yield of genetic testing for long-QT syndrome in elderly patients with torsades de pointes. <i>Circ Genom Precis Med<\/i> 2024; 17: e004671.","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCGEN.124.004671"},{"key":"16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"16. Goldenberg I, Moss AJ, Peterson DR, McNitt S, Zareba W, Andrews ML, et al. Risk factors for aborted cardiac arrest and sudden cardiac death in children with the congenital long-QT syndrome. <i>Circulation<\/i> 2008; 117: 2184\u20132191.","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.107.701243"},{"key":"17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"17. Younis A, Bos JM, Zareba W, Aktas MK, Wilde AAM, Tabaja C, et al. Association between syncope trigger type and risk of subsequent life-threatening events in patients with long QT syndrome. <i>JAMA Cardiol<\/i> 2023; 8: 775\u2013783.","DOI":"10.1001\/jamacardio.2023.1951"},{"key":"18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"18. Crotti L, Spazzolini C, Nyegaard M, Overgaard MT, Kotta MC, Dagradi F, et al. Clinical presentation of calmodulin mutations: The International Calmodulinopathy Registry. <i>Eur Heart J<\/i> 2023; 44: 3357\u20133370.","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehad418"},{"key":"19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"19. Fukuyama M, Horie M, Kato K, Aoki H, Fujita S, Yoshida Y, et al. Calmodulinopathy in Japanese Children: Their cardiac phenotypes are severe and show early onset in fetal life and infancy. <i>Circ J<\/i> 2023; 87: 1828\u20131835.","DOI":"10.1253\/circj.CJ-23-0195"},{"key":"20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"20. Nishio Y, Makiyama T, Itoh H, Sakaguchi T, Ohno S, Gong YZ, et al. D85N, a <i>KCNE1<\/i> polymorphism, is a disease-causing gene variant in long QT syndrome. <i>J Am Coll Cardiol<\/i> 2009; 54: 812\u2013819.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2009.06.005"},{"key":"21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"21. Haruna Y, Kobori A, Makiyama T, Yoshida H, Akao M, Doi T, et al. Genotype-phenotype correlations of <i>KCNJ2<\/i> mutations in Japanese patients with Andersen-Tawil syndrome. <i>Hum Mutat<\/i> 2007; 28: 208.","DOI":"10.1002\/humu.9483"},{"key":"22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"22. Kimura H, Zhou J, Kawamura M, Itoh H, Mizusawa Y, Ding WG, et al. Phenotype variability in patients carrying <i>KCNJ2<\/i> mutations. <i>Circ Cardiovasc Genet<\/i> 2012; 5: 344\u2013353.","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCGENETICS.111.962316"},{"key":"23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"23. Miyamoto K, Aiba T, Kimura H, Hayashi H, Ohno S, Yasuoka C, et al. Efficacy and safety of flecainide for ventricular arrhythmias in patients with Andersen-Tawil syndrome with <i>KCNJ2<\/i> mutations. <i>Heart Rhythm<\/i> 2015; 12: 596\u2013603.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2014.12.009"},{"key":"24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"24. Mazzanti A, Guz D, Trancuccio A, Pagan E, Kukavica D, Chargeishvili T, et al. Natural history and risk stratification in Andersen-Tawil syndrome type 1. <i>J Am Coll Cardiol<\/i> 2020; 75: 1772\u20131784.","DOI":"10.1093\/ehjci\/ehaa946.0744"},{"key":"25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"25. Fukuyama M, Wang Q, Kato K, Ohno S, Ding WG, Toyoda F, et al. Long QT syndrome type 8: Novel <i>CACNA1C<\/i> mutations causing QT prolongation and variant phenotypes. <i>Europace<\/i> 2014; 16: 1828\u20131837.","DOI":"10.1093\/europace\/euu063"},{"key":"26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"26. Fukuyama M, Ohno S, Ozawa J, Kato K, Makiyama T, Nakagawa Y et al. High prevalence of late-appearing T-wave in patients with long QT syndrome type 8. <i>Circ J<\/i> 2020; 84: 559\u2013568.","DOI":"10.1253\/circj.CJ-19-1101"},{"key":"27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"27. Makita N, Behr E, Shimizu W, Horie M, Sunami A, Crotti L, et al. The E1784K mutation in <i>SCN5A<\/i> is associated with mixed clinical phenotype of type 3 long QT syndrome. <i>J Clin Invest<\/i> 2008; 118: 2219\u20132229.","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI34057"},{"key":"28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"28. Schwartz PJ. Idiopathic long QT syndrome: Progress and questions. <i>Am Heart J<\/i> 1985; 109: 399\u2013411.","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-8703(85)90626-X"},{"key":"29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"29. Locati EH, Zareba W, Moss AJ, Schwartz PJ, Vincent GM, Lehmann MH, et al. Age- and sex-related differences in clinical manifestations in patients with congenital long-QT syndrome: Findings from the International LQTS Registry. <i>Circulation<\/i> 1998; 97: 2237\u20132244.","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.97.22.2237"},{"key":"30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"30. Mazzanti A, Trancuccio A, Kukavica D, Pagan E, Wang M, Mohsin M, et al. Independent validation and clinical implications of the risk prediction model for long QT syndrome (1-2-3-LQTS-Risk). <i>Europace<\/i> 2022; 24: 614\u2013619.","DOI":"10.1093\/europace\/euab238"},{"key":"31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"31. Moss AJ, Shimizu W, Wilde AA, Towbin JA, Zareba W, Robinson JL, et al. Clinical aspects of type-1 long-QT syndrome by location, coding type, and biophysical function of mutations involving the <i>KCNQ1<\/i> gene. <i>Circulation<\/i> 2007; 115: 2481\u20132489.","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.106.665406"},{"key":"32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"32. Abu-Zeitone A, Peterson DR, Polonsky B, McNitt S, Moss AJ. Efficacy of different beta-blockers in the treatment of long QT syndrome. <i>J Am Coll Cardiol<\/i> 2014; 64: 1352\u20131358.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2014.05.068"},{"key":"33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"33. Mazzanti A, Maragna R, Faragli A, Monteforte N, Bloise R, Memmi M, et al. Gene-specific therapy with mexiletine reduces arrhythmic events in patients with long QT syndrome type 3. <i>J Am Coll Cardiol<\/i> 2016; 67: 1053\u20131058.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2015.12.033"},{"key":"34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"34. Crotti L, Neves R, Dagradi F, Musu G, Giannetti F, Bos JM, et al. Therapeutic efficacy of mexiletine for long QT syndrome type 2: Evidence from human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes, transgenic rabbits, and patients. <i>Circulation<\/i> 2024; 150: 531\u2013543.","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.124.068959"},{"key":"35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"35. Itoh H, Dochi K, Shimizu W, Denjoy I, Ohno S, Aiba T, et al. A common mutation of long QT syndrome type 1 in Japan. <i>Circ J<\/i> 2015; 79: 2026\u20132030.","DOI":"10.1253\/circj.CJ-15-0342"},{"key":"36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"36. Rohatgi RK, Sugrue A, Bos JM, Cannon BC, Asirvatham SJ, Moir C, et al. Contemporary outcomes in patients with long QT syndrome. <i>J Am Coll Cardiol<\/i> 2017; 70: 453\u2013462.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2017.05.046"},{"key":"37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"37. Shimamoto K, Dagradi F, Ohno S, Spazzolini C, Crotti L, Giovenzana FLF, et al. Clinical features, long-term prognosis, and clinical management of genotype-negative long QT syndrome patients. <i>JACC Clin Electrophysiol<\/i> 2024; 10: 2584\u20132596.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacep.2024.07.022"},{"key":"38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"38. Shimamoto K, Aiba T. 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