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Tzeis S, Gerstenfeld EP, Kalman J, Saad EB, Sepehri Shamloo A, Andrade JG, et al. 2024 European Heart Rhythm Association\/Heart Rhythm Society\/Asia Pacific Heart Rhythm Society\/Latin American Heart Rhythm Society Expert Consensus Statement on catheter and surgical ablation of atrial fibrillation. <i>Europace<\/i> 2024; 26: euae043.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2024.03.017"},{"key":"4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"4. Ono K, Iwasaki YK, Akao M, Ikeda T, Ishii K, Inden Y, et al. JCS\/JHRS 2020 Guideline on pharmacotherapy of cardiac arrhythmias. <i>Circ J<\/i> 2022; 86: 1790\u20131924.","DOI":"10.1253\/circj.CJ-22-0285"},{"key":"5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"5. Goette A, Kalman JM, Aguinaga L, Akar J, Cabrera JA, Chen SA, et al. EHRA\/HRS\/APHRS\/SOLAECE expert consensus on atrial cardiomyopathies: Definition, characterisation, and clinical implication. <i>J Arrhythm<\/i> 2016; 32: 247\u2013278.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joa.2016.05.002"},{"key":"6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"6. Saeedi P, Petersohn I, Salpea P, Malanda B, Karuranga S, Unwin N, et al. Global and regional diabetes prevalence estimates for 2019 and projections for 2030 and 2045: Results from the International Diabetes Federation Diabetes Atlas, 9th edition. <i>Diabetes Res Clin Pract<\/i> 2019; 157: 107843.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2019.107843"},{"key":"7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"7. Matsuda Y, Masuda M, Uematsu H, Sugino A, Ooka H, Kudo S, et al. 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A new clinical risk score for predicting the prevalence of low-voltage areas in patients undergoing atrial fibrillation ablation. <i>J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol<\/i> 2020; 31: 3150\u20133158.","DOI":"10.1111\/jce.14761"},{"key":"10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"10. Kosiuk J, Dinov B, Kornej J, Acou WJ, Sch\u00f6nbauer R, Fiedler L, et al. Prospective, multicenter validation of a clinical risk score for left atrial arrhythmogenic substrate based on voltage analysis: DR-FLASH score. <i>Heart Rhythm<\/i> 2015; 12: 2207\u20132212.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2015.07.003"},{"key":"11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"11. Nogami A, Kurita T, Abe H, Ando K, Ishikawa T, Imai K, et al. JCS\/JHRS 2019 Guideline on non-pharmacotherapy of cardiac arrhythmias. <i>Circ J<\/i> 2021; 85: 1104\u20131244.","DOI":"10.1253\/circj.CJ-20-0637"},{"key":"12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"12. Dohi T, Nakatani D, Inoue K, Hikoso S, Oka T, Hayashi K, et al. 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Electrophysiologic changes in arrhythmogenic substrate following the maze procedure in patients with lone and paroxysmal atrial fibrillation. <i>Jpn Circ J<\/i> 1997; 61: 988\u2013996.","DOI":"10.1253\/jcj.61.988"},{"key":"29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"29. Nademanee K, McKenzie J, Kosar E, Schwab M, Sunsaneewitayakul B, Vasavakul T, et al. A new approach for catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation: Mapping of the electrophysiologic substrate. <i>J Am Coll Cardiol<\/i> 2004; 43: 2044\u20132053.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2003.12.054"},{"key":"30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"30. Araki E, Goto A, Kondo T, Noda M, Noto H, Origasa H, et al. Japanese Clinical Practice Guideline for diabetes 2019. <i>Diabetol Int<\/i> 2020; 11: 165\u2013223.","DOI":"10.1007\/s13340-020-00439-5"},{"key":"31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"31. Goette A, Lendeckel U. Atrial cardiomyopathy: Pathophysiology and clinical consequences. <i>Cells<\/i> 2021; 10: 2605.","DOI":"10.3390\/cells10102605"},{"key":"32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"32. Davies MG, Kim JH, Klyachkin ML, Barber L, Dalen H, Svendsen E, et al. Diabetes mellitus and experimental vein graft structure and function. <i>J Vasc Surg<\/i> 1994; 19: 1031\u20131043.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0741-5214(94)70215-2"},{"key":"33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"33. Chang YS, Ho CH, Chu CC, Wang JJ, Jan RL. Risk of retinal vein occlusion in patients with diabetes mellitus: A retrospective cohort study. <i>Diabetes Res Clin Pract<\/i> 2021; 171: 108607.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2020.108607"},{"key":"34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"34. Gunturiz-Beltr\u00e1n C, Nu\u00f1ez-Garcia M, Althoff TF, Borr\u00e0s R, Figueras I Ventura RM, Garre P, et al. 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Short-term hypertension is associated with the development of atrial fibrillation substrate: A study in an ovine hypertensive model. <i>Heart Rhythm<\/i> 2010; 7: 396\u2013404.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2009.11.031"},{"key":"37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"37. Matsuoka Y, Sotomi Y, Hikoso S, Sunaga A, Nakatani D, Okada K, et al. Extensive ablation for elderly patients with persistent atrial fibrillation: Insights from the EARNEST-PVI prospective randomized trial. <i>J Cardiol<\/i> 2025; 85: 301\u2013308.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jjcc.2024.09.001"},{"key":"38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"38. Sunaga A, Matsuoka Y, Nakatani D, Okada K, Kida H, Sakamoto D, et al. Extensive ablation for persistent atrial fibrillation patients with mitral regurgitation: Insights from the EARNEST-PVI prospective randomized trial. <i>Int J Cardiol<\/i> 2024; 410: 132231.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2024.132231"},{"key":"39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"39. Bassil G, Chang M, Pauza A, Diaz Vera J, Tsalatsanis A, Lindsey BG, et al. Pulmonary vein ganglia are remodeled in the diabetic heart. <i>J Am Heart Assoc<\/i> 2018; 7: e008919.","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.118.008919"},{"key":"40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"40. Karam BS, Chavez-Moreno A, Koh W, Akar JG, Akar FG. Oxidative stress and inflammation as central mediators of atrial fibrillation in obesity and diabetes. <i>Cardiovasc Diabetol<\/i> 2017; 16: 120.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12933-017-0604-9"},{"key":"41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"41. Sha R, Baines O, Hayes A, Tompkins K, Kalla M, Holmes AP, et al. Impact of obesity on atrial fibrillation pathogenesis and treatment options. <i>J Am Heart Assoc<\/i> 2024; 13: e032277.","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.123.032277"},{"key":"42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"42. McCully BH, Hasan W, Streiff CT, Houle JC, Woodward WR, Giraud GD, et al. Sympathetic cardiac hyperinnervation and atrial autonomic imbalance in diet-induced obesity promote cardiac arrhythmias. <i>Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol<\/i> 2013; 305: H1530\u2013H1537.","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.00196.2013"},{"key":"43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"43. Lv Q, Yang Y, Lv Y, Wu Q, Hou X, Li L, et al. Effect of different hypoglycemic drugs and insulin on the risk of new-onset atrial fibrillation in people with diabetes: A network meta-analysis. <i>Eur J Med Res<\/i> 2024; 29: 399.","DOI":"10.1186\/s40001-024-01954-w"},{"key":"44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"44. Ikeda T, Ashihara T, Iwasaki YK, Ono M, Kagiyama N, Kimura T, et al. 2025 Japanese Heart Rhythm Society\/Japanese Circulation Society Consensus Statement on the appropriate use of ambulatory and wearable electrocardiographs. <i>Circ J<\/i> 2025; 89: 850\u2013876.","DOI":"10.1253\/circj.CJ-24-0960"},{"key":"45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"45. Bano A, Rodondi N, Beer JH, Moschovitis G, Kobza R, Aeschbacher S, et al. Association of diabetes with atrial fibrillation phenotype and cardiac and neurological comorbidities: Insights from the Swiss-AF Study. <i>J Am Heart Assoc<\/i> 2021; 10: e021800.","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.121.021800"},{"key":"46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"46. Avazzadeh S, McBride S, O\u2019Brien B, Coffey K, Elahi A, O\u2019Halloran M, et al. Ganglionated plexi ablation for the treatment of atrial fibrillation. <i>J Clin Med<\/i> 2020; 9: 3081.","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm9103081"},{"key":"47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"47. Sakata K, Okuyama Y, Ozawa T, Haraguchi R, Nakazawa K, Tsuchiya T, et al. Not all rotors, effective ablation targets for nonparoxysmal atrial fibrillation, are included in areas suggested by conventional indirect indicators of atrial fibrillation drivers: ExTRa Mapping project. <i>J Arrhythm<\/i> 2018; 34: 176\u2013184.","DOI":"10.1002\/joa3.12036"}],"container-title":["Circulation Journal"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.jstage.jst.go.jp\/article\/circj\/90\/7\/90_CJ-25-0804\/_pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,27]],"date-time":"2026-06-27T03:23:26Z","timestamp":1782530606000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.jstage.jst.go.jp\/article\/circj\/90\/7\/90_CJ-25-0804\/_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,25]]},"references-count":47,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1253\/circj.cj-25-0804","relation":{},"ISSN":["1346-9843","1347-4820"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1346-9843","type":"print"},{"value":"1347-4820","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,25]]},"article-number":"CJ-25-0804"}}