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Glikson M, Nielsen JC, Kronborg MB, Michowitz Y, Auricchio A, Barbash IM, et al. 2021 ESC Guidelines on cardiac pacing and cardiac resynchronization therapy. <i>Eur Heart J<\/i> 2021; 42: 3427\u20133520.","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehab699"},{"key":"2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"2. Iuliano S, Fisher SG, Karasik PE, Fletcher RD, Singh SN, Department of Veterans Affairs Survival Trial of Antiarrhythmic Therapy in Congestive Heart Failure. QRS duration and mortality in patients with congestive heart failure. <i>Am Heart J<\/i> 2002; 143: 1085\u20131091.","DOI":"10.1067\/mhj.2002.122516"},{"key":"3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"3. Goldenberg I, Moss AJ, Hall WJ, Foster E, Goldberger JJ, Santucci P, et al. Predictors of response to cardiac resynchronization therapy in the Multicenter Automatic Defibrillator Implantation Trial with Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy (MADIT-CRT). <i>Circulation<\/i> 2011; 124: 1527\u20131536.","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.110.014324"},{"key":"4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"4. Sipahi I, Carrigan TP, Rowland DY, Stambler BS, Fang JC. Impact of QRS duration on clinical event reduction with cardiac resynchronization therapy: Meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. <i>Arch Intern Med<\/i> 2011; 171: 1454\u20131462.","DOI":"10.1001\/archinternmed.2011.247"},{"key":"5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"5. Iwasaki YK, Noda T, Akao M, Fujino T, Hirano T, Inoue K, et al. JCS\/JHRS 2024 Guideline focused update on management of cardiac arrhythmias. <i>Circ J<\/i> 2025; 89: 1012\u20131073.","DOI":"10.1253\/circj.CJ-24-0073"},{"key":"6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"6. Prinzen FW, Auricchio A, Mullens W, Linde C, Huizar JF. Electrical management of heart failure: From pathophysiology to treatment. <i>Eur Heart J<\/i> 2022; 43: 1917\u20131927.","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehac088"},{"key":"7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"7. Ruschitzka F, Abraham WT, Singh JP, Bax JJ, Borer JS, Brugada J, et al. Cardiac-resynchronization therapy in heart failure with a narrow QRS complex. <i>N Engl J Med<\/i> 2013; 369: 1395\u20131405.","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1306687"},{"key":"8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"8. Varma N, Wang JA, Jaswal A, Sethi KK, Kondo Y, Joung B, et al. CRT efficacy in \u201cmid-range\u201d QRS duration among Asians contrasted to non-Asians, and influence of height. <i>JACC Clin Electrophysiol<\/i> 2022; 8: 211\u2013221.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacep.2021.09.012"},{"key":"9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"9. De Pooter J, Kamoen V, El Haddad M, Stroobandt R, De Buyzere M, Jordaens L, et al. Gender differences in electro-mechanical characteristics of left bundle branch block: Potential implications for selection and response of cardiac resynchronization therapy. <i>Int J Cardiol<\/i> 2018; 257: 84\u201391.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2017.10.055"},{"key":"10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"10. Wijesuriya N, Mehta V, De Vere F, Howell S, Niederer SA, Burri H, et al. Heart size difference drives sex-specific response to cardiac resynchronization therapy: A post hoc analysis of the MORE-MPP CRT trial. <i>J Am Heart Assoc<\/i> 2024; 13: e035279.","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.123.035279"},{"key":"11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"11. Zweerink A, Friedman DJ, Klem I, van de Ven PM, Vink C, Biesbroek PS, et al. Size matters: Normalization of QRS duration to left ventricular dimension improves prediction of long-term cardiac resynchronization therapy outcome. <i>Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol<\/i> 2018; 11: e006767.","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCEP.118.006767"},{"key":"12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"12. Yamamoto N, Noda T, Nakano M, Ito T, Sato H, Hayashi H, et al. Clinical utility of QRS duration normalized to left ventricular volume for predicting cardiac resynchronization therapy efficacy in patients with \u201cmid-range\u201d QRS duration. <i>Heart Rhythm<\/i> 2024; 21: 855\u2013862.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2024.02.019"},{"key":"13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"13. Shenkman HJ, Pampati V, Khandelwal AK, McKinnon J, Nori D, Kaatz S, et al. Congestive heart failure and QRS duration: Establishing prognosis study. <i>Chest<\/i> 2002; 122: 528\u2013534.","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.122.2.528"},{"key":"14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"14. Hofmann M, Bauer R, Handrock R, Weidinger G, Goedel-Meinen L. Prognostic value of the QRS duration in patients with heart failure: A subgroup analysis from 24 centers of Val-HeFT. <i>J Card Fail<\/i> 2005; 11: 523\u2013528.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cardfail.2005.03.008"},{"key":"15","unstructured":"15. Chung MK, Patton KK, Lau CP, Dal Forno ARJ, Al-Khatib SM, Arora V, et al. 2023 HRS\/APHRS\/LAHRS Guideline on cardiac physiologic pacing for the avoidance and mitigation of heart failure. <i>Heart Rhythm<\/i> 2023; 20: e17\u2013e91."},{"key":"16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"16. Heidenreich PA, Bozkurt B, Aguilar D, Allen LA, Byun JJ, Colvin MM, et al. 2022 AHA\/ACC\/HFSA Guideline for the management of heart failure: A report of the American College of Cardiology\/American Heart Association Joint Committee on Clinical Practice Guidelines. <i>Circulation<\/i> 2022; 145: e895\u2013e1032.","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0000000000001073"},{"key":"17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"17. Tada A, Nagai T, Koya T, Nakao M, Ishizaka S, Mizuguchi Y, et al. Applicability of new proposed criteria for iron deficiency in Japanese patients with heart failure. <i>ESC Heart Fail<\/i> 2023; 10: 985\u2013994.","DOI":"10.1002\/ehf2.14265"},{"key":"18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"18. Koya T, Nagai T, Tada A, Nakao M, Ishizaka S, Mizuguchi Y, et al. Differential impacts of self-care behavior on clinical outcomes in patients with and without recent heart failure hospitalization. <i>Int J Cardiol<\/i> 2024; 415: 132452.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2024.132452"},{"key":"19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"19. Nakao M, Nagai T, Tada A, Koya T, Ishizaka S, Mizuguchi Y, et al. Prognostic value of reticulocyte production ability in patients with chronic heart failure. <i>Can J Cardiol<\/i> 2025; 41: 1274\u20131284.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2025.02.004"},{"key":"20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"20. Hara H, Oyenuga OA, Tanaka H, Adelstein EC, Onishi T, McNamara DM, et al. The relationship of QRS morphology and mechanical dyssynchrony to long-term outcome following cardiac resynchronization therapy. <i>Eur Heart J<\/i> 2012; 33: 2680\u20132691.","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehs013"},{"key":"21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"21. Ozaki Y, Uemura Y, Kondo T, Kazama S, Yamaguchi S, Okajima T, et al. Phenotyping heart failure with preserved ejection fraction using pulmonary artery pulsatility index and pulmonary arterial capacitance. <i>Circ J<\/i> 2025; 89: 885\u2013892.","DOI":"10.1253\/circj.CJ-25-0092"},{"key":"22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"22. Lund LH, Jurga J, Edner M, Benson L, Dahlstrom U, Linde C, et al. Prevalence, correlates, and prognostic significance of QRS prolongation in heart failure with reduced and preserved ejection fraction. <i>Eur Heart J<\/i> 2013; 34: 529\u2013539.","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehs305"},{"key":"23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"23. Perry AS, Li S. Association of change in QRS duration with chronic heart failure outcomes. <i>Am Heart J<\/i> 2022; 254: 77\u201380.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2022.08.005"},{"key":"24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"24. Kalra PR, Sharma R, Shamim W, Doehner W, Wensel R, Bolger AP, et al. Clinical characteristics and survival of patients with chronic heart failure and prolonged QRS duration. <i>Int J Cardiol<\/i> 2002; 86: 225\u2013231.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-5273(02)00270-X"},{"key":"25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"25. Birnie DH, Ha A, Higginson L, Sidhu K, Green M, Philippon F, et al. Impact of QRS morphology and duration on outcomes after cardiac resynchronization therapy. <i>Circ Heart Fail<\/i> 2013; 6: 1190\u20131198.","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCHEARTFAILURE.113.000380"},{"key":"26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"26. Stavrakis S, Lazzara R, Thadani U. The benefit of cardiac resynchronization therapy and QRS duration: A meta-analysis. <i>J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol<\/i> 2012; 23: 163\u2013168.","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1540-8167.2011.02144.x"},{"key":"27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"27. Sapp JL, Sivakumaran S, Redpath CJ, Khan H, Parkash R, Exner DV, et al. Long-term outcomes of resynchronization-defibrillation for heart failure. <i>N Engl J Med<\/i> 2024; 390: 212\u2013220.","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2304542"},{"key":"28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"28. Sipahi I, Chou JC, Hyden M, Rowland DY, Simon DI, Fang JC. Effect of QRS morphology on clinical event reduction with cardiac resynchronization therapy: Meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. <i>Am Heart J<\/i> 2012; 163: 260\u2013267.e3.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2011.11.014"},{"key":"29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"29. Cannon JA, Collier TJ, Shen L, Swedberg K, Krum H, Van Veldhuisen DJ, et al. Clinical outcomes according to QRS duration and morphology in the Eplerenone in Mild Patients: Hospitalization and SurvIval Study in Heart Failure (EMPHASIS-HF). <i>Eur J Heart Fail<\/i> 2015; 17: 707\u2013716.","DOI":"10.1002\/ejhf.303"},{"key":"30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"30. Abdin A, Kondo T, Bohm M, Jhund PS, Claggett BL, Vaduganathan M, et al. Effects of dapagliflozin according to QRS duration across the spectrum of left ventricular ejection fraction: An analysis of DAPA-HF and DELIVER. <i>Eur J Heart Fail<\/i> 2024; 26: 1952\u20131963.","DOI":"10.1002\/ejhf.3350"},{"key":"31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"31. Varma N, Lappe J, He J, Niebauer M, Manne M, Tchou P. Sex-specific response to cardiac resynchronization therapy. <i>JACC Clin Electrophysiol<\/i> 2017; 3: 844\u2013853.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacep.2017.02.021"},{"key":"32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"32. Mazzoleni A, Curtin ME, Wolff R, Reiner L, Somes G. On the relationship between heart weights, fibrosis, and QRS duration. <i>J Electrocardiol<\/i> 1975; 8: 233\u2013236.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-0736(75)80050-1"},{"key":"33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"33. Strauss DG, Selvester RH. The QRS complex \u2013 a biomarker that \u201cimages\u201d the heart: QRS scores to quantify myocardial scar in the presence of normal and abnormal ventricular conduction. <i>J Electrocardiol<\/i> 2009; 42: 85\u201396.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jelectrocard.2008.07.011"}],"container-title":["Circulation Journal"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.jstage.jst.go.jp\/article\/circj\/90\/6\/90_CJ-25-1084\/_pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,30]],"date-time":"2026-05-30T03:22:05Z","timestamp":1780111325000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.jstage.jst.go.jp\/article\/circj\/90\/6\/90_CJ-25-1084\/_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,25]]},"references-count":33,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1253\/circj.cj-25-1084","relation":{},"ISSN":["1346-9843","1347-4820"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1346-9843","type":"print"},{"value":"1347-4820","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,25]]},"article-number":"CJ-25-1084"}}