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JCS 2017\/JHFS 2017 guideline on diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure: Digest version. <i>Circ J<\/i> 2019; 83: 2084\u20132184.","DOI":"10.1253\/circj.CJ-19-0342"},{"key":"3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"3. Krack A, Sharma R, Figulla HR, Anker SD. The importance of the gastrointestinal system in the pathogenesis of heart failure. <i>Eur Heart J<\/i> 2005; 26: 2368\u20132374.","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehi389"},{"key":"4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"4. Rogler G, Rosano G. The heart and the gut. <i>Eur Heart J<\/i> 2014; 35: 426\u2013430.","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/eht271"},{"key":"5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"5. Kamo T, Akazawa H, Suzuki JI, Komuro I. Novel concept of a heart-gut axis in the pathophysiology of heart failure. <i>Circ J<\/i> 2017; 47: 663\u2013669.","DOI":"10.4070\/kcj.2017.0028"},{"key":"6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"6. Kamo T, Akazawa H, Suda W, Saga-Kamo A, Shimizu Y, Yagi H, et al. Dysbiosis and compositional alterations with aging in the gut microbiota of patients with heart failure. <i>PLoS One<\/i> 2017; 12: e0174099.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0174099"},{"key":"7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"7. Katsimichas T, Antonopoulos AS, Katsimichas A, Ohtani T, Sakata Y, Tousoulis D. The intestinal microbiota and cardiovascular disease. <i>Cardiovasc Res<\/i> 2019; 115: 1471\u20131486.","DOI":"10.1093\/cvr\/cvz135"},{"key":"8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"8. Madan S, Mehra MR. Gut dysbiosis and heart failure: Navigating the universe within. <i>Eur J Heart Fail<\/i> 2020; 22: 629\u2013637.","DOI":"10.1002\/ejhf.1792"},{"key":"9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"9. Hayashi T, Yamashita T, Watanabe H, Kami K, Yoshida N, Tabata T, et al. Gut microbiome and plasma microbiome-related metabolites in patients with decompensated and compensated heart failure. <i>Circ J<\/i> 2018; 83: 182\u2013192.","DOI":"10.1253\/circj.CJ-18-0468"},{"key":"10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"10. Tang WHW, Backhed F, Landmesser U, Hazen SL. Intestinal microbiota in cardiovascular health and disease: JACC state-of-the-art review. <i>J Am Coll Cardiol<\/i> 2019; 73: 2089\u20132105.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2019.03.024"},{"key":"11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"11. Tang WHW, Li DY, Hazen SL. Dietary metabolism, the gut microbiome, and heart failure. <i>Nat Rev Cardiol<\/i> 2019; 16: 137\u2013154.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41569-018-0108-7"},{"key":"12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"12. Riley JP, Beattie JM. Palliative care in heart failure: Facts and numbers. <i>ESC Heart Fail<\/i> 2017; 4: 81\u201387.","DOI":"10.1002\/ehf2.12125"},{"key":"13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"13. Ishiyama Y, Hoshide S, Mizuno H, Kario K. Constipation-induced pressor effects as triggers for cardiovascular events. <i>J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich)<\/i> 2019; 21: 421\u2013425.","DOI":"10.1111\/jch.13489"},{"key":"14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"14. Sundboll J, Szepligeti SK, Adelborg K, Szentkuti P, Gregersen H, Sorensen HT. Constipation and risk of cardiovascular diseases: A Danish population-based matched cohort study. <i>BMJ Open<\/i> 2020; 10: e037080.","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2020-037080"},{"key":"15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"15. Schwartzbach SD, Shigeoka S. <i>Euglena: Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology<\/i>. Cham, Switzerland: Springer, 2017.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-54910-1"},{"key":"16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"16. Sugiyama A, Suzuki K, Mitra S, Arashida R, Yoshida E, Nakano R, et al. 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