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Symptoms experienced in the last six months of life in patients with end-stage heart failure. <i>Eur J Cardiovasc Nurs<\/i> 2003; 2: 213\u2013217.","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-5151(03)00059-8"},{"key":"5","unstructured":"5. Imai M, Hirai M, Kuwahara Y, Iwase S, Nishimura N, Shimizu Y, et al. Influence of intrathoracic pressure at defecation on cardiovascular system. <i>Jpn J Nurs Art Sci<\/i> 2011; 10: 111\u2013120."},{"key":"6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"6. Sikirov BA. Cardio-vascular events at defecation: Are they unavoidable? <i>Med Hypotheses<\/i> 1990; 32: 231\u2013233.","DOI":"10.1016\/0306-9877(90)90128-2"},{"key":"7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"7. Sumida K, Molnar MZ, Potukuchi PK, Thomas F, Lu JL, Yamagata K, et al. Constipation and risk of death and cardiovascular events. <i>Atherosclerosis<\/i> 2019; 281: 114\u2013120.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2018.12.021"},{"key":"8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"8. Salmoirago-Blotcher E, Crawford S, Jackson E, Ockene J, Ockene I. Constipation and risk of cardiovascular disease among postmenopausal women. <i>Am J Med<\/i> 2011; 124: 714\u2013723.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2011.03.026"},{"key":"9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"9. Honkura K, Tomata Y, Sugiyama K, Kaiho Y, Watanabe T, Zhang S, et al. Defecation frequency and cardiovascular disease mortality in Japan: The Ohsaki cohort study. <i>Atherosclerosis<\/i> 2016; 246: 251\u2013256.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2016.01.007"},{"key":"10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"10. Lembo A, Camilleri M. Chronic constipation. <i>N Engl J Med<\/i> 2003; 349: 1360\u20131368.","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra020995"},{"key":"11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"11. M\u00fcller-Lissner SA, Kamm MA, Scarpignato C, Wald A. 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Determining an optimal clinical dose of elobixibat, a novel inhibitor of the ileal bile acid transporter, in Japanese patients with chronic constipation: A phase II, multicenter, double-blind, placebo-controlled randomized clinical trial. <i>J Gastroenterol<\/i> 2018; 53: 525\u2013534.","DOI":"10.1007\/s00535-017-1383-5"},{"key":"18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"18. Okamura T, Kokubo Y, Watanabe M, Higashiyama A, Miyamoto Y, Yoshimasa Y, et al. Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and the incidence of cardiovascular disease in an urban Japanese cohort study: The Suita study. <i>Atherosclerosis<\/i> 2009; 203: 587\u2013592.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2008.07.020"},{"key":"19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"19. Okamura T, Tanaka H, Miyamatsu N, Hayakawa T, Kadowaki T, Kita Y, et al. 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