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Characteristics and outcomes of super-elderly patients (aged \u226590 years) hospitalized for heart failure: Analysis of a nationwide inpatient database. <i>Circ Rep<\/i> 2020; 2: 393\u2013399.","DOI":"10.1253\/circrep.CR-20-0053"},{"key":"5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"5. H\u00fclsmann M, Quittan M, Berger R, Crevenna R, Springer C, Nuhr M, et al. Muscle strength as a predictor of long-term survival in severe congestive heart failure. <i>Eur J Heart Fail<\/i> 2004; 6: 101\u2013107.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejheart.2003.07.008"},{"key":"6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"6. Del Buono MG, Arena R, Borlaug BA, Carbone S, Canada JM, Kirkman DL, et al. Exercise intolerance in patients with heart failure: JACC state-of-the-art review. <i>J Am Coll Cardiol<\/i> 2019; 73: 2209\u20132225.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2019.01.072"},{"key":"7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"7. Pihl E, Cider A, Str\u00f6mberg A, Fridlund B, M\u00e5rtensson J. Exercise in elderly patients with chronic heart failure in primary care: Effects on physical capacity and health-related quality of life. <i>Eur J Cardiovasc Nurs<\/i> 2011; 10: 150\u2013158.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejcnurse.2011.03.002"},{"key":"8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"8. Thygesen LC, Zinckernagel L, Dalal H, Egstrup K, Gl\u00fcmer C, Gr\u00f8nb\u00e6k M, et al. Cardiac rehabilitation for patients with heart failure: Association with readmission and mortality risk. <i>Eur Heart J Qual Care Clin Outcomes<\/i> 2022; 8: 830\u2013839.","DOI":"10.1093\/ehjqcco\/qcab086"},{"key":"9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"9. Kamiya K, Yamamoto T, Tsuchihashi-Makaya M, Ikegame T, Takahashi T, Sato Y, et al. 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Trends and factors associated with cardiac rehabilitation participation: Data from Japanese nationwide databases. <i>Circ J<\/i> 2022; 86: 1998\u20132007.","DOI":"10.1253\/circj.CJ-22-0095"},{"key":"13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"13. Makita S, Yasu T, Akashi YJ, Adachi H, Izawa H, Ishihara S, et al. JCS\/JACR 2021 guideline on rehabilitation in patients with cardiovascular disease. <i>Circ J<\/i> 2022; 87: 155\u2013235.","DOI":"10.1253\/circj.CJ-22-0234"},{"key":"14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"14. Madujibeya I, Chung ML, Moser DK, Miller JA, Lennie TA. Self-reported engagement in exercise is associated with longer event-free survival in heart failure patients with poor functional capacity. <i>Eur J Cardiovasc Nurs<\/i> 2023; 22: 73\u201381.","DOI":"10.1093\/eurjcn\/zvac044"},{"key":"15","unstructured":"15. Ploesteanu RL, Nechita AC, Turcu D, Manolescu BN, Stamate SC, Berteanu M. Effects of neuromuscular electrical stimulation in patients with heart failure: Review of heart failure and oxidative stress. <i>J Med Life<\/i> 2018; 11: 107\u2013118."},{"key":"16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"16. Tanaka S, Kamiya K, Matsue Y, Yonezawa R, Saito H, Hamazaki N, et al. Effects of electrical muscle stimulation on physical function in frail older patients with acute heart failure: A randomized controlled trial. <i>Eur J Prev Cardiol<\/i> 2022; 29: e286\u2013e288.","DOI":"10.1093\/eurjpc\/zwac022"},{"key":"17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"17. Kato M, Masuda T, Ogano M, Hotta K, Takagi H, Tanaka S, et al. Stretching exercises improve vascular endothelial dysfunction through attenuation of oxidative stress in chronic heart failure patients with an implantable cardioverter defibrillator. <i>J Cardiopulm Rehabil Prev<\/i> 2017; 37: 130\u2013138.","DOI":"10.1097\/HCR.0000000000000229"},{"key":"18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"18. Ram\u00edrez-V\u00e9lez R, L\u00f3pez S\u00e1ez de Asteasu M, Morley JE, Cano-Gutierrez CA, Izquierdo M. Performance of the short physical performance battery in identifying the frailty phenotype and predicting geriatric syndromes in community-dwelling elderly. <i>J Nutr Health Aging<\/i> 2021; 25: 209\u2013217.","DOI":"10.1007\/s12603-020-1484-3"},{"key":"19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"19. Satake S, Senda K, Hong YJ, Miura H, Endo H, Sakurai T, et al. Validity of the Kihon checklist for assessing frailty status. <i>Geriatr Gerontol Int<\/i> 2016; 16: 709\u2013715.","DOI":"10.1111\/ggi.12543"},{"key":"20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"20. Borson S, Scanlan JM, Chen P, Ganguli M. The Mini-Cog as a screen for dementia: Validation in a population-based sample <i>J Am Geriatr Soc<\/i> 2003; 51: 1451\u20131454.","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1532-5415.2003.51465.x"},{"key":"21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"21. Carnero-Pardo C, Rego-Garc\u00eda I, Barrios-L\u00f3pez JM, Blanco-Madera S, Calle-Calle R, L\u00f3pez-Alcalde S, et al. Assessment of the diagnostic accuracy and discriminative validity of the clock drawing and Mini-Cog tests in detecting cognitive impairment. <i>Neurologia (Engl Ed)<\/i> 2022; 37: 13\u201320.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nrleng.2018.12.022"},{"key":"22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"22. Gomes Neto M, Oliveira FA, Reis HFCD, de Sousa Rodrigues E Jr, Bittencourt HS, Oliveira Carvalho V. Effects of neuromuscular electrical stimulation on physiologic and functional measurements in patients with heart failure: A systematic review with meta-analysis. <i>J Cardiopulm Rehabil Prev<\/i> 2016; 36: 157\u2013166.","DOI":"10.1097\/HCR.0000000000000151"},{"key":"23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"23. Schulz KF, Altman DG, Moher D; CONSORT Group. CONSORT 2010 Statement: Updated guidelines for reporting parallel group randomised trials. <i>BMC Med<\/i> 2010; 8: 18.","DOI":"10.1186\/1741-7015-8-18"},{"key":"24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"24. Kitzman DW, Whellan DJ, Duncan P, Pastva AM, Mentz RJ, Reeves GR, et al. Physical rehabilitation for older patients hospitalized for heart failure. <i>N Engl J Med<\/i> 2021; 385: 203\u2013216.","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2026141"},{"key":"25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"25. Pavasini R, Guralnik J, Brown JC, di Bari M, Cesari M, Landi F, et al. Short physical performance battery and all-cause mortality: Systematic review and meta-analysis. <i>BMC Med<\/i> 2016; 14: 215.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12916-016-0763-7"},{"key":"26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"26. Mahoney FI, Barthel DW. 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A randomised study of home-based electrical stimulation of the legs and conventional bicycle exercise training for patients with chronic heart failure. <i>Eur Heart J<\/i> 2003; 24: 871\u2013878.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0195-668X(02)00822-9"},{"key":"30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"30. LeMaitre JP, Harris S, Hannan J, Fox KA, Denvir MA. Maximum oxygen uptake corrected for skeletal muscle mass accurately predicts functional improvements following exercise training in chronic heart failure. <i>Eur J Heart Fail<\/i> 2006; 8: 243\u2013248.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejheart.2005.07.011"},{"key":"31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"31. Karavidas AI, Raisakis KG, Parissis JT, Tsekoura DK, Adamopoulos S, Korres DA, et al. Functional electrical stimulation improves endothelial function and reduces peripheral immune responses in patients with chronic heart failure. <i>Eur J Cardiovasc Prev Rehabil<\/i> 2006; 13: 592\u2013597.","DOI":"10.1097\/01.hjr.0000219111.02544.ff"},{"key":"32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"32. Working Group on Functional Outcome Measures for Clinical Trials. Functional outcomes for clinical trials in frail older persons: Time to be moving. <i>J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci<\/i> 2008; 63: 160\u2013164.","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/63.2.160"},{"key":"33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"33. Tanaka S, Kamiya K, Matsue Y, Yonezawa R, Saito H, Hamazaki N, et al. Efficacy and safety of acute phase intensive electrical muscle stimulation in frail older patients with acute heart failure: Results from the ACTIVE-EMS trial. <i>J Cardiovasc Dev Dis<\/i> 2022; 9: 99.","DOI":"10.3390\/jcdd9040099"},{"key":"34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"34. 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Comparison of low-frequency electrical myostimulation and conventional aerobic exercise training in patients with chronic heart failure. <i>Eur J Cardiovasc Prev Rehabil<\/i> 2005; 12: 226\u2013233.","DOI":"10.1097\/00149831-200506000-00007"},{"key":"37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"37. Ennis S, McGregor G, Hamborg T, Jones H, Shave R, Singh SJ, et al. Randomised feasibility trial into the effects of low-frequency electrical muscle stimulation in advanced heart failure patients. <i>BMJ Open<\/i> 2017; 7: e016148.","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2017-016148"},{"key":"38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"38. Rullman E, Andersson DC, Melin M, Reiken S, Mancini DM, Marks AR, et al. Modifications of skeletal muscle ryanodine receptor type 1 and exercise intolerance in heart failure. <i>J Heart Lung Transplant<\/i> 2013; 32: 925\u2013929.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.healun.2013.06.026"},{"key":"39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"39. 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Neuromuscular electrical stimulation for the treatment of diabetic sensorimotor polyneuropathy: A prospective, cohort, proof-of-concept study. <i>Neurophysiol Clin<\/i> 2024; 54: 102943.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neucli.2024.102943"},{"key":"42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"42. Jones SE, Kon SSC, Canavan JL, Patel MS, Clark AL, Nolan CM, et al. The five-repetition sit-to-stand test as a functional outcome measure in COPD. <i>Thorax<\/i> 2013; 68: 1015\u20131020.","DOI":"10.1136\/thoraxjnl-2013-203576"},{"key":"43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"43. Stoffels AA, De Brandt J, Meys R, van Hees HW, Vaes AW, Klijn P, et al. Short physical performance battery: Response to pulmonary rehabilitation and minimal important difference estimates in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. <i>Arch Phys Med Rehabil<\/i> 2021; 102: 2377\u20132384.e5.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2021.05.011"},{"key":"44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"44. Karavidas A, Driva M, Parissis JT, Farmakis D, Mantzaraki V, Varounis C, et al. Functional electrical stimulation of peripheral muscles improves endothelial function and clinical and emotional status in heart failure patients with preserved left ventricular ejection fraction. <i>Am Heart J<\/i> 2013; 166: 760\u2013767.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2013.06.021"},{"key":"45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"45. Karavidas A, Driva M, Parissis JT, Farmakis D, Mantzaraki V, Varounis C, et al. Safety of a combined WB-EMS and high-protein diet intervention in sarcopenic obese elderly men. <i>Clin Interv Aging<\/i> 2020; 15: 953\u2013967.","DOI":"10.2147\/CIA.S248868"},{"key":"46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"46. Kondo T, Yamada S, Tanimura D, Kazama S, Ishihara T, Shimojo M, et al. Neuromuscular electrical stimulation is feasible in patients with acute heart failure. <i>ESC Heart Fail<\/i> 2019; 6: 975\u2013982.","DOI":"10.1002\/ehf2.12504"},{"key":"47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"47. Kamiya K, Satoh A, Niwano S, Tanaka S, Miida K, Hamazaki N, et al. Safety of neuromuscular electrical stimulation in patients implanted with cardioverter defibrillators. <i>J Electrocardiol<\/i> 2016; 49: 99\u2013101.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jelectrocard.2015.11.006"},{"key":"48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"48. Takahashi T, Iwata K, Morisawa T, Kato M, Kono Y, Taya M, et al. 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