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Savarese G, Becher PM, Lund LH, Seferovic P, Rosano GMC, Coats AJS. Global burden of heart failure: A comprehensive and updated review of epidemiology. <i>Cardiovasc Res<\/i> 2022; 118: 3272\u20133287.","DOI":"10.1093\/cvr\/cvac013"},{"key":"2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"2. Kitai T, Kohsaka S, Kato T, Kato E, Sato K, Teramoto K, et al. JCS\/JHFS 2025 Guideline on diagnosis and treatment of heart failure. <i>Circ J<\/i> 2025; 89: 1278\u20131444.","DOI":"10.1253\/circj.CJ-25-0002"},{"key":"3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"3. Dunlay SM, Manemann SM, Chamberlain AM, Cheville AL, Jiang R, Weston SA, et al. Activities of daily living and outcomes in heart failure. <i>Circ Heart Fail<\/i> 2015; 8: 261\u2013267.","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCHEARTFAILURE.114.001542"},{"key":"4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"4. Katano S, Yano T, Ohori K, Kouzu H, Nagaoka R, Honma S, et al. Barthel Index score predicts mortality in elderly heart failure. <i>Circ J<\/i> 2022; 86: 70\u201378.","DOI":"10.1253\/circj.CJ-21-0584"},{"key":"5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"5. Tohyama T, Ide T, Ikeda M, Kaku H, Enzan N, Matsushima S, et al. Machine learning-based model for predicting 1 year mortality of hospitalized patients with heart failure. <i>ESC Heart Fail<\/i> 2021; 8: 4077\u20134085.","DOI":"10.1002\/ehf2.13556"},{"key":"6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"6. Covinsky KE, Pierluissi E, Johnston CB. Hospitalization-associated disability \u201cshe was probably able to ambulate, but I\u2019m not sure. <i>JAMA<\/i> 2011; 306: 1782\u20131793.","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2011.1556"},{"key":"7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"7. Loyd C, Markland AD, Zhang Y, Fowler M, Harper S, Wright NC, et al. Prevalence of hospital-associated disability in older adults: A meta-analysis. <i>J Am Med Dir Assoc<\/i> 2020; 21: 455\u2013461.e5.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2019.09.015"},{"key":"8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"8. Takahashi T, Iwata K, Morisawa T, Kato M, Kono Y, Taya M, et al. Incidence of hospitalization-associated disability in older patients with heart failure. <i>Circ J<\/i> 2024; 88: 672\u2013679.","DOI":"10.1253\/circj.CJ-23-0722"},{"key":"9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"9. Ogawa M, Yoshida N, Nakai M, Kanaoka K, Sumita Y, Kanejima Y, et al. Hospital-associated disability and hospitalization costs for acute heart failure stratified by body mass index: Insight from the JROAD\/JROAD-DPC database. <i>Int J Cardiol<\/i> 2022; 367: 38\u201344.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2022.08.044"},{"key":"10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"10. Saitoh M, Takahashi Y, Okamura D, Akiho M, Suzuki H, Noguchi N, et al. Prognostic impact of hospital-acquired disability in elderly patients with heart failure. <i>ESC Heart Fail<\/i> 2021; 8: 1767\u20131774.","DOI":"10.1002\/ehf2.13356"},{"key":"11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"11. Takabayashi K, Kitaguchi S, Iwatsu K, Morikami Y, Ichinohe T, Yamamoto T, et al. A decline in activities of daily living due to acute heart failure is an independent risk factor of hospitalization for heart failure and mortality. <i>J Cardiol<\/i> 2019; 73: 522\u2013529.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jjcc.2018.12.014"},{"key":"12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"12. Zisberg A, Shadmi E, Gur-Yaish N, Tonkikh O, Sinoff G. Hospital-associated functional decline: The role of hospitalization processes beyond individual risk factors. <i>J Am Geriatr Soc<\/i> 2015; 63: 55\u201362.","DOI":"10.1111\/jgs.13193"},{"key":"13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"13. Covinsky KE, Palmer RM, Fortinsky RH, Counsell SR, Stewart AL, Kresevic D, et al. Loss of independence in activities of daily living in older adults hospitalized with medical illnesses: Increased vulnerability with age. <i>J Am Geriatr Soc<\/i> 2003; 51: 451\u2013458.","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1532-5415.2003.51152.x"},{"key":"14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"14. Ide T, Kaku H, Matsushima S, Tohyama T, Enzan N, Funakoshi K, et al. Clinical characteristics and outcomes of hospitalized patients with heart failure from the large-scale Japanese registry of acute decompensated heart failure (JROADHF). <i>Circ J<\/i> 2021; 85: 1438\u20131450.","DOI":"10.1253\/circj.CJ-20-0947"},{"key":"15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"15. Mahoney F, Barthel D. Functional evaluation: The Barthel Index. <i>MD State Med J<\/i> 1965; 14: 61\u201365.","DOI":"10.1037\/t02366-000"},{"key":"16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"16. Takara Y, Saitoh M, Morisawa T, Takahashi T, Yoshida N, Sakiyama M, et al. 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Differences in prognostic factors among patients hospitalized for heart failure according to the age category: From the KUNIUMI Registry Acute Cohort. <i>Intern Med<\/i> 2022; 61: 3171\u20133180.","DOI":"10.2169\/internalmedicine.9023-21"},{"key":"26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"26. Nakamaru R, Shiraishi Y, Sandhu AT, Heidenreich PA, Shoji S, Kohno T, et al. Cardiovascular vs. non-cardiovascular deaths after heart failure hospitalization in young, older, and very old patients. <i>ESC Heart Fail<\/i> 2023; 10: 673\u2013684.","DOI":"10.1002\/ehf2.14245"},{"key":"27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"27. Rahman A, Jafry S, Jeejeebhoy K, Nagpal AD, Pisani B, Agarwala R. Malnutrition and cachexia in heart failure. <i>JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr<\/i> 2016; 40: 475\u2013486.","DOI":"10.1177\/0148607114566854"},{"key":"28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"28. von Haehling S, Ebner N, Dos Santos MR, Springer J, Anker SD. 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Kono Y, Katano S, Otaka Y, Kanaoka K, Sawamura A, Motokawa T, et al. Association of in-hospital cardiac rehabilitation on hospital-associated disability for octogenarian patients with acute myocardial infarction: An insight from the JROAD-DPC database. <i>Circ Rep<\/i> 2025; 7: 25\u201330.","DOI":"10.1253\/circrep.CR-24-0130"},{"key":"32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"32. Kamiya K, Yamamoto T, Tsuchihashi-Makaya M, Ikegame T, Takahashi T, Sato Y, et al. Nationwide survey of multidisciplinary care and cardiac rehabilitation for patients with heart failure in Japan: An analysis of the AMED-CHF study. <i>Circ J<\/i> 2019; 83: 1546\u20131552.","DOI":"10.1253\/circj.CJ-19-0241"},{"key":"33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"33. Kanaoka K, Iwanaga Y, Fukuma N, Nakai M, Sumita Y, Nishioka Y, et al. Trends and factors associated with cardiac rehabilitation participation: Data from Japanese nationwide databases. <i>Circ J<\/i> 2022; 86: 1998\u20132007.","DOI":"10.1253\/circj.CJ-22-0095"},{"key":"34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"34. Kakutani N, Fukushima A, Kinugawa S, Yokota T, Oikawa T, Nishikawa M, et al. Progressive mobilization program for patients with acute heart failure reduces hospital stay and improves clinical outcome. <i>Circ Rep<\/i> 2019; 1: 123\u2013130.","DOI":"10.1253\/circrep.CR-19-0004"},{"key":"35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"35. Kono Y, Izawa H, Aoyagi Y, Ishikawa A, Sugiura T, Mori E, et al. Predictive impact of early mobilization on rehospitalization for elderly Japanese heart failure patients. <i>Heart Vessels<\/i> 2020; 35: 531\u2013536.","DOI":"10.1007\/s00380-019-01517-8"},{"key":"36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"36. Enzan N, Matsushima S, Kaku H, Tohyama T, Nezu T, Higuchi T, et al. Propensity-matched study of early cardiac rehabilitation in patients with acute decompensated heart failure. <i>Circ Heart Fail<\/i> 2023; 16: e010320, doi:10.1161\/CIRCHEARTFAILURE.122.010320.","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCHEARTFAILURE.122.010320"},{"key":"37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"37. Kamiya K, Sato Y, Takahashi T, Tsuchihashi-Makaya M, Kotooka N, Ikegame T, et al. Multidisciplinary cardiac rehabilitation and long-term prognosis in patients with heart failure. <i>Circ Heart Fail<\/i> 2020; 13: e006798, doi:10.1161\/CIRCHEARTFAILURE.119.006798.","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCHEARTFAILURE.119.006798"},{"key":"38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"38. Yamamoto S, Okamura M, Akashi YJ, Tanaka S, Shimizu M, Tsuchikawa Y, et al. 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