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Efficacy of Choto-san on vascular dementia and the protective effect of the hooks and stems of Uncaria sinensis on glutamate-induced neuronal death. Mech Ageing Dev. 1999;111:155&ndash;173.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0047-6374(99)00062-7"},{"key":"32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"32 Shimada Y, Goto H, Itoh T, Sakakibara I, Kubo M, Sasaki H, et al. Evaluation of the protective effects of alkaloids isolated from the hooks and stems of Uncaria sinensis on glutamate-induced neuronal death in cultured cerebellar granule cells from rats. J Pharm Pharmacol. 1999;51:715&ndash;722.","DOI":"10.1211\/0022357991772853"},{"key":"33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"33 Suk K, Kim SY, Leem K, Kim YO, Park SY, Hur J, et al. Neuroprotection by methanol extract of Uncaria rhynchophylla against global cerebral ischemia in rats. Life Sci. 2002;70:2467&ndash;2480.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0024-3205(02)01534-5"},{"key":"34","unstructured":"34 Paxinos G, Watson C. The rat brain in stereotaxic coordinates, New York: Academic Press; 1986."},{"key":"35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"35 Baskys A. Metabotropic receptors and slow excitatory actions of glutamate agonists in the hippocampus. Trends Neurosci. 1992;15:92&ndash;96.","DOI":"10.1016\/0166-2236(92)90018-4"},{"key":"36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"36 Dunnet SB, Everitt BJ, Bobbins TW. The basal forebrain-cortical cholinergic system: interpreting the functional consequences of excitotoxic lesions. Trends Neurosci. 1991;14:494&ndash;501.","DOI":"10.1016\/0166-2236(91)90061-X"},{"key":"37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"37 Yamasaki R, Yamashita M, Taguch K, Okada M, Ikeda H. The role of two major cholinergic systems in memory acquisition and retention in eight-arm radial maze. 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Effect of locomotion of indole alkaloids from the hooks of uncaria plants. Phytomadicine. 1999;6:163&ndash;168.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0944-7113(99)80004-X"},{"key":"45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"45 Block F, Pergande G, Schwarz M. Flupirtine reduces functional deficits and neuronal damage after global ischemia in rats. Brain Res. 1997;754:279&ndash;284.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-8993(97)00096-6"},{"key":"46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"46 Block F, Kunkel M, Schwarz M. Quinolinic acid of the striatum induces impairment in spatial learning and memory performance in rats. Neurosci Lett. 1993;149:126&ndash;128.","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-3940(93)90752-7"},{"key":"47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"47 Lee B, Choi YK, Kim H, Kim SY, Hahm DH, Lee HJ, et al. Protective effects of methanol extract of Acori graminei rhizoma and Uncariae Ramulus et Uncus on ischemia-induced neuronal death and cognitive impairments in the rat. Life Sci. 2003;74:435&ndash;450.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2003.06.034"},{"key":"48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"48 Sugimoto A, Goto K, Ishige A, Komatsu Y, Miyamoto KI. Effect of choto-san, a Kampo medicine, on the cerebral blood flow autoregulation in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Jpn J Pharmacol. 2000;83:135&ndash;142.","DOI":"10.1254\/jjp.83.135"},{"key":"49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"49 Sun X, Chan LN, Gong X, Sucher NJ. N-Methyl-D-Aspartate receptor antagonist activity in traditional Chinese stroke medicines. Neurosignals. 2003;12:31&ndash;38.","DOI":"10.1159\/000068913"},{"key":"50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"50 Yuzurihara M, Ikarashi Y, Goto K, Sakakibara I, Hayakawa T, Sasaki H. Geissoschizine methyl ether, an indole alkaloid extracted from Uncariae Ramulus et Uncus, is a potent vasorelaxant of isolated rat aorta. Eur J Pharmacol. 2002;444:183&ndash;189.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0014-2999(02)01623-0"},{"key":"51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"51 Laus G. Advances in chemistry and bioactivity of the genus Uncaria. Phytother Res. 2004;18:259&ndash;274.","DOI":"10.1002\/ptr.1469"},{"key":"52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"52 Yuzurihara M, Goto K, Sugimato A, Ishige A, Komatsu Y, Terasawa K. Effect of Choto-san, a Kampo medicine, on impairment of passive avoidance performance in mice. Phytother Res. 1999;13:233&ndash;235.","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1099-1573(199905)13:3<233::AID-PTR416>3.0.CO;2-R"},{"key":"53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"53 Eckenstein FP, Baughman RW, Quinn J. An anatomical study of cholinergic innervation in rat cerebral cortex. 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