{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T12:26:35Z","timestamp":1792153595695,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"American Economic Association","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["American Economic Review"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,3,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p> The 1960s ushered in a new era in US demographic history characterized by significantly lower fertility rates and smaller family sizes. What catalyzed these changes remains a matter of considerable debate. This paper exploits idiosyncratic variation in the language of \u201cComstock\u201d statutes, enacted in the late 1800s, to quantify the role of the birth control pill in this transition. Almost 50 years after the contraceptive pill appeared on the US market, this analysis provides new evidence that it accelerated the post-1960 decline in marital fertility. (JEL J12, J13, K10, N31, N32) <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1257\/aer.100.1.98","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,3,15]],"date-time":"2010-03-15T15:41:19Z","timestamp":1268667679000},"page":"98-129","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":121,"title":["\u201cMomma's Got the Pill\u201d: How Anthony Comstock and <i>Griswold v. Connecticut<\/i> Shaped US Childbearing"],"prefix":"10.1257","volume":"100","author":[{"given":"Martha J","family":"Bailey","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Economics, University of Michigan, 611 Tappan Street, Ann Arbor, MI 48108-1220."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"11","reference":[{"key":"p_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-0084.1987.mp49004006.x"},{"issue":"1","key":"p_2","first-page":"289","volume":"121","author":"Bailey Martha J","year":"2006","journal-title":"Quarterly Journal of Economics"},{"key":"p_3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/2228949"},{"key":"p_5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/260166"},{"key":"p_6","first-page":"225","author":"Becker Gary S","year":"1960","journal-title":"Demographic and Economic Change in Developed Countries, ed. Ansley J. 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