{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,4]],"date-time":"2022-04-04T18:37:46Z","timestamp":1649097466797},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,4,7]],"date-time":"2006-04-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1144368000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":157,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J. Laryngol. Otol."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Objective: To further understand the roles of bacteria and antibiotics in the development of otitis media with effusion (OME).<\/jats:p><jats:p>Methods: Samples of middle-ear effusion (MEE) were collected during the placement of ventilation tubes to treat chronic OME. Children with acute otitis media within the past three months were excluded from this study. We used polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to detect pathogens and to test the susceptibility of <jats:italic>Streptococcus pneumoniae<\/jats:italic> to penicillin.<\/jats:p><jats:p>Results: Among MEE samples from 52 children, PCR detected bacterial DNA in 32 per cent (24\/75) of them. <jats:italic>S. pneumoniae<\/jats:italic> was detected more frequently in middle ears that required ventilation tube insertion at least twice compared with those requiring ventilation tube insertion only once (5\/15 versus 4\/60; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.013). Higher levels of <jats:italic>S. pneumoniae<\/jats:italic> were detected in MEE from children with, than without, a long history of antibiotic administration (7\/10 versus 2\/14; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.0187). The <jats:italic>pbp<\/jats:italic> genes of all isolated <jats:italic>S. pneumoniae<\/jats:italic> contained mutations.<\/jats:p><jats:p>Conclusions: Long exposure to antibiotics might significantly influence the bacterial genome in MEE.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1258\/002221505774783476","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,11,12]],"date-time":"2005-11-12T23:18:07Z","timestamp":1131837487000},"page":"862-865","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Impact of antibiotics on pathogens associated with otitis media with effusion"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"119","author":[{"given":"Yukiko","family":"Hamamoto","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yukako","family":"Gotoh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yoshimi","family":"Nakajo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Satoko","family":"Shimoya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chikako","family":"Kayama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shingo","family":"Hasegawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ken-Ichi","family":"Nibu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2006,4,7]]},"container-title":["The Journal of Laryngology &amp; Otology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S0022215104002737","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,3]],"date-time":"2019-05-03T19:48:47Z","timestamp":1556912927000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S0022215104002737\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2005,11]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,11]]}},"alternative-id":["S0022215104002737"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1258\/002221505774783476","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-2151","1748-5460"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-2151","type":"print"},{"value":"1748-5460","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2005,11]]}}}