{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T08:38:29Z","timestamp":1777883909354,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2004,7,1]],"date-time":"2004-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1088640000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Lab Anim"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,7,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>We examined the effect of five anaesthetic drugs commonly used in laboratory animal research (tribromoethanol, ketamine\/xylazine, chloral hydrate, pentobarbital, and urethane) on the expression of four pro-inflammatory cytokines. The anaesthetic agents were applied at dosages normally used for deep surgical anaesthesia. Semiquantitative image analysis of interleukin (IL)-1\u03b2, IL-2, IL-6, and tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF\u03b1) mRNA expression in the spleen of male Wistar rats 4 h after application of the anaesthetic drugs showed that these had moderate immunomodulatory effects. Ketamine\/xylazine, chloral hydrate, and pentobarbital enhanced the basal expression of IL-1\u03b2 and IL-6 mRNA in rat spleen, while urethane reduced splenic IL-1\u03b2 mRNA expression. Tribromoethanol, ketamine\/ xylazine, and urethane reduced the basal TNF\u03b1 mRNA levels, whereas TNF\u03b1 mRNA expression was unaffected by chloral hydrate and by pentobarbital. The data demonstrate that these anaesthetics have slight, but significant, effects on the basal immune status of rats.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1258\/002367704323133655","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,6,11]],"date-time":"2004-06-11T23:42:25Z","timestamp":1086997345000},"page":"272-279","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Influence of different anaesthetics on pro-inflammatory cytokine                expression in rat spleen"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"38","author":[{"given":"M.","family":"Bette","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Philipps-University of Marburg,\r                  Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Schlimme","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"R.","family":"Mutters","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Menendez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Hoffmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Schulz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2004,7,1]]},"container-title":["Laboratory Animals"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1258\/002367704323133655","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1258\/002367704323133655","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T02:03:46Z","timestamp":1777601026000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1258\/002367704323133655"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2004,7,1]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,7,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1258\/002367704323133655"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1258\/002367704323133655","relation":{},"ISSN":["0023-6772","1758-1117"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0023-6772","type":"print"},{"value":"1758-1117","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2004,7,1]]}}}