{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]],"date-time":"2026-09-18T19:21:19Z","timestamp":1789759279255,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1984,4,1]],"date-time":"1984-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":449625600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Lab Anim"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1984,4,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p> Germfree (GF) mice were inoculated with a cultured flora from 10<jats:sup>-1<\/jats:sup>, 10<jats:sup>-3<\/jats:sup>, 10<jats:sup>-5<\/jats:sup>, and 10<jats:sup>-7<\/jats:sup> dilutions of caecal contents from a 'normal' mouse. GF mice associated with a flora of a 'normal' mouse served as controls. The following intestinal parameters were determined: Colonization resistance (CR), Relative caecal weight (RCW), villus:crypt ratio (jejunum and ileum), IgA-producing cells (jejunum and ileum), \u00df-aspartyl glycine (faeces), volatile and non-volatile fatty acids (caecum) and bile acids (faeces). Only the 10<jats:sup>-1<\/jats:sup> culture was able to induce similar changes in the GF mice to a 'normal' flora. The GF + 10<jats:sup>-5<\/jats:sup> and GF + 10<jats:sup>-7<\/jats:sup> groups deviated markedly from the controls while the GF + 10<jats:sup>-3<\/jats:sup> group showed in general intermediate values between GF + SPF and GF + 10<jats:sup>-1<\/jats:sup> on the one hand and GF + 10<jats:sup>-5<\/jats:sup> and GF + 10<jats:sup>-7<\/jats:sup> on the other hand. \u00df-aspartyl glycine was present only in the GF + 10<jats:sup>-7<\/jats:sup> group. <\/jats:p><jats:p> Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of ileal contents revealed segmented filamentous organisms in the ileum of controls and the GF + 10<jats:sup>-1<\/jats:sup> group. The faecal flora consisted mainly of fusiform organisms. In the faeces of the 10<jats:sup>-5<\/jats:sup> and 10<jats:sup>-7<\/jats:sup> groups increasing amounts of non-bacterial matter were found, while in the faeces of the other groups virtually only bacteria were seen. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1258\/002367784780891253","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,6,7]],"date-time":"2007-06-07T23:39:53Z","timestamp":1181259593000},"page":"188-194","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["'Normalization' of germfree mice with anaerobically cultured caecal flora of 'normal' mice"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"J. P.","family":"Koopman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Central Animal Laboratory, Catholic University, Geert Grooteplein Noord 29, P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Henri\u00ebtte M.","family":"Kennis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J. W. M. A.","family":"Mullink","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R. A.","family":"Prins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, State University, Utrecht, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A. M.","family":"Stadhouders","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Submicroscopical Morphology, Catholic University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"H.","family":"De Boer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Magda P.","family":"Hectors","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology, Catholic University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1984,4,1]]},"container-title":["Laboratory Animals"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1258\/002367784780891253","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1258\/002367784780891253","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,27]],"date-time":"2025-01-27T22:05:41Z","timestamp":1738015541000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1258\/002367784780891253"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1984,4,1]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1984,4,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1258\/002367784780891253"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1258\/002367784780891253","relation":{},"ISSN":["0023-6772","1758-1117"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0023-6772","type":"print"},{"value":"1758-1117","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1984,4,1]]}}}