{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,4]],"date-time":"2026-10-04T08:17:49Z","timestamp":1791101869561,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2000,8,1]],"date-time":"2000-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":965088000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Int J STD AIDS"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2000,8,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p> Trichomoniasis, bacterial vaginosis (BV) and candidiasis are reproductive tract infections (RTIs) of the vagina. We conducted a cross-sectional study in 4 prenatal clinics in Kingston, Jamaica, to estimate the prevalence of these infections and the risk factors that may facilitate their transmission among pregnant women. Of the 269 women studied, 18.0% had culture-positive trichomoniasis, 44.1% had BV (Nugent score 7) and 30.7% were positive for candidiasis by wet mount. A multiple logistic regression analysis showed that having a malodorous discharge was associated with trichomoniasis (odd ratios [OR]=3.9, confidence intervals [CI]=1.04-14.7) and BV (OR=3.4, CI=1.3-8.7). Women who took action to prevent HIV infection had lower BV prevalence (OR=0.34, CI=0.12-0.98). Women who were employed were less likely to have any of the infections (OR=0.61, CI=0.36-1.03). The strong association of a symptomatic presentation with trichomoniasis and BV suggests the merit of considering syndromic management of vaginitis in this population. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1258\/0956462001916425","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,10,16]],"date-time":"2002-10-16T09:48:30Z","timestamp":1034761710000},"page":"516-520","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Vaginal infections in pregnant women in Jamaica: prevalence and risk                factors"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Paul","family":"Kamara","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham,\r                  Birmingham, Alabama, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tina","family":"Hylton-Kong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Ministry of Health, Kingston, Jamaica"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alfred","family":"Brathwaite","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Ministry of Health, Kingston, Jamaica"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gelen R Del","family":"Rosario","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham,\r                  Birmingham, Alabama, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sibylle","family":"Kristensen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham,\r                  Birmingham, Alabama, USA and 3 The Ministry of Health, Kingston, Jamaica"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nancy","family":"Patrick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham,\r                  Birmingham, Alabama, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Heidi","family":"Weiss","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham,\r                  Alabama, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter J","family":"Figueroa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Ministry of Health, Kingston, Jamaica"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sten H","family":"Vermund","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Schools of Public Health and Medicine, University of Alabama at\r                  Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pauline E","family":"Jolly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham,\r                  Birmingham, Alabama, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2000,8,1]]},"container-title":["International Journal of STD &amp; AIDS"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1258\/0956462001916425","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1258\/0956462001916425","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,2]],"date-time":"2025-03-02T13:20:41Z","timestamp":1740921641000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1258\/0956462001916425"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2000,8,1]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2000,8,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1258\/0956462001916425"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1258\/0956462001916425","relation":{},"ISSN":["0956-4624","1758-1052"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0956-4624","type":"print"},{"value":"1758-1052","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2000,8,1]]}}}