{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T05:49:14Z","timestamp":1790920154650,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1996,10,1]],"date-time":"1996-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":844128000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Int J STD AIDS"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1996,10,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p> In previous studies, genital ulcers in men have been found to be associated with increased risk of HIV-1 seroconversion. To further explore this association male patients attending a sexually transmitted disease STD clinic in Nairobi for either urethritis controls, n 276 or a genital ulcer cases, n 607 were compared with respect to sexual behaviour, presence of HIV-1 antibody and circumcision status. Patients were followed to study risk factors for incident genital ulcers and HIV-1 seroconversion. At entry, being married was associated with higher prevalence of HIV-1 OR 1.76 and genital ulcers OR 1.42 . Lack of circumcision was associated with both HIV-1 infection OR 4.67 and the presence of a genital ulcer OR 2.23 . Genital ulcers were also associated with HIV-1 infection OR 1.87 independent of circumcision status. On follow-up, HIV-1 seropositivity was associated with incident genital ulcers. It is argued that the association between genital ulcers and HIV-1 infection may be more complex than ulcers simply being a risk factor for HIV-1 infection, and that HIV-1 infection may either increase the risk of acquiring a genital ulcer, or HIV-1 infection and genital ulcers may have some unknown risk factor in common. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1258\/0956462961918374","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,10,16]],"date-time":"2002-10-16T10:10:33Z","timestamp":1034763033000},"page":"410-414","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":44,"title":["Genital ulcer disease among STD clinic attenders in Nairobi: association with HIV-1 and circumcision status"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"James M","family":"Nasio","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nico J D","family":"Nagelkerke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anthony","family":"Mwatha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephen","family":"Moses","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jackoniah O","family":"Ndinya-Achola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Frank A","family":"Plummer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1996,10,1]]},"container-title":["International Journal of STD &amp; AIDS"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1258\/0956462961918374","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1258\/0956462961918374","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,3]],"date-time":"2025-03-03T11:24:46Z","timestamp":1741001086000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1258\/0956462961918374"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1996,10,1]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1996,10,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1258\/0956462961918374"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1258\/0956462961918374","relation":{},"ISSN":["0956-4624","1758-1052"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0956-4624","type":"print"},{"value":"1758-1052","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1996,10,1]]}}}