{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,17]],"date-time":"2026-07-17T06:14:57Z","timestamp":1784268897353,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,6,1]],"date-time":"2005-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1117584000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Med Screen"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,6,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p> Objective: To assess double reading effectiveness in mammography screening. <\/jats:p><jats:p> Design: Retrospective study of 177,631 consecutive mammograms double read during 1998\u20132003. <\/jats:p><jats:p> Setting: The Florence screening programme, involving 11 trained radiologists. Abnormalities reported by at least one reader prompted assessment. <\/jats:p><jats:p> Results: The referral rate was 2.89% for the first reader, 3.15% for the second reader, and 3.59% for either reader. Of 713 total cancers detected, 43 were suspected only by the second reader (6.4% relative, 0.024% increase in absolute detection rate) and had a lower stage compared to the first reader (pTis\u2013pT1b = 65.7 versus 52.0%): 41 were reviewed and classified (error type) as 'minimal sign' in six, and 'screening error' in 35 cases, or as BI-RADS 3 in one, 4a in 20, 4b in 13, and 4c in three cases. The second reading cost was \u20ac2.70 per woman examined, or \u20ac11,168 per additional cancer detected (versus \u20ac11,585 at a single reading). <\/jats:p><jats:p> Discussion: Second reading is effective in detecting a limited number of additional cancer cases. Tumour stage (one-third over 1 cm in diameter) and review findings (high rate of 'screening errors' and BI-RADS R4b-c categories) suggest that second reading detects small 'difficult cases' as well as larger cancers missed due to fatigue or loss of attention. Second reading reduces screening specificity to a minor extent, and since cancer detection at second reading seems cost-effective the procedure is recommendable in routine practice. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1258\/0969141053908285","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,5,18]],"date-time":"2005-05-18T23:46:03Z","timestamp":1116459963000},"page":"103-106","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":60,"title":["Second reading of screening mammograms increases cancer detection and recall rates. Results in the Florence screening programme"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"S","family":"Ciatto","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Radiologist and Head of Unit, Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Centro per lo Studio e la Prevenzione Oncologica, viale A. Volta 171, 50131 Florence, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D","family":"Ambrogetti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Radiologist, Department of Screening, Centro per lo Studio e la Prevenzione Oncologica, viale A. Volta 171, 50131 Florence, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R","family":"Bonardi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Radiologist, Department of Screening, Centro per lo Studio e la Prevenzione Oncologica, viale A. Volta 171, 50131 Florence, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S","family":"Catarzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Radiologist, Department of Senology, Centro per lo Studio e la Prevenzione Oncologica, viale A. Volta 171, 50131 Florence, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G","family":"Risso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Radiologist, Department of Senology, Centro per lo Studio e la Prevenzione Oncologica, viale A. Volta 171, 50131 Florence, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M","family":"Rosselli Del Turco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Radiologist and Head of Unit, Department of Screening, Centro per lo Studio e la Prevenzione Oncologica, viale A. Volta 171, 50131 Florence, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P","family":"Mantellini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Epidemiologist, Department of Screening, Centro per lo Studio e la Prevenzione Oncologica, viale A. Volta 171, 50131 Florence, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2005,6,1]]},"container-title":["Journal of Medical Screening"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1258\/0969141053908285","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1258\/0969141053908285","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,28]],"date-time":"2025-01-28T11:53:36Z","timestamp":1738065216000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1258\/0969141053908285"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2005,6,1]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,6,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1258\/0969141053908285"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1258\/0969141053908285","relation":{},"ISSN":["0969-1413","1475-5793"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0969-1413","type":"print"},{"value":"1475-5793","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2005,6,1]]}}}