{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T04:08:05Z","timestamp":1777435685749,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,2,15]],"date-time":"2012-02-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1329264000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Ann Clin Biochem"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF) is a chronic debilitating disease and a well-recognized, potentially malignant condition of the oral cavity associated with betel quid chewing. Betel quid chewing is a popular oral habit in India and shows strong association in the incidence of OSMF. The objective of the study was to determine the levels of trace elements, pro-oxidants and reactive oxygen species (ROS) in saliva of betel quid chewers and OSMF patients, which may help in the diagnosis of cancer progression in the oral cavity.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 35 cases of OSMF and 35 cases of healthy individuals were included in the present study. The salivary status of ROS, pro-oxidants and some trace elements was studied in OSMF patients and normal healthy individuals.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The levels of lipid peroxides ( P &lt; 0.001), conjugated dienes ( P &lt; 0.01), hydroxyl radicals ( P &lt; 0.01), superoxide dismutase ( P &lt; 0.05), copper ( P &lt; 0.05), calcium ( P &lt; 0.01), magnesium (NS), potassium ( P &lt; 0.05) and iron ( P &lt; 0.05) in OSMF patients were elevated when compared with normal healthy individuals. The levels of hydrogen peroxide ( P &lt; 0.05) and sodium ( P &lt; 0.01) in OSMF patients were found to be decreased when compared with control subjects. A significant alteration was noticed after supplementing with \u03b1-tocopherol in oral precancerous patients.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>These parameters may help in the detection of the severity of oral diseases.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1258\/acb.2011.011050","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,2,16]],"date-time":"2012-02-16T02:53:36Z","timestamp":1329360816000},"page":"262-265","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Effect of\n                    <i>\u03b1-<\/i>\n                    tocopherol on salivary reactive oxygen species and trace elements in oral submucous fibrosis"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"49","author":[{"given":"S","family":"Chitra","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biotechnology, Sri Ramachandra University, Chennai"},{"name":"National Research Institute of Ayurveda for Drug Development, Under CCRAS, Department of AYUSH; Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India, 4-CN-Block, Sector V, Bidhan Nagar, Kolkata \u2013 700 091, West Bengal, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M","family":"Balasubramaniam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biotechnology, Sri Ramachandra University, Chennai"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jayram","family":"Hazra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Research Institute of Ayurveda for Drug Development, Under CCRAS, Department of AYUSH; Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India, 4-CN-Block, Sector V, Bidhan Nagar, Kolkata \u2013 700 091, West Bengal, 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