{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T04:07:14Z","timestamp":1777435634942,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":6,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,9,23]],"date-time":"2011-09-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1316736000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Ann Clin Biochem"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Phlebotomy is a potential cause of preanalytical errors. We have observed phlebotomy in routine practice in a busy Emergency Department, to see how current practice compares with optimal blood sampling.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Phlebotomy episodes were audited and compared with standard procedures. A computer-based search of the number of haemolysed samples from Emergency Medicine and hospital inpatients was reviewed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Four different ways of taking blood were observed: cannulation and a syringe (38%), cannula with evacuated tube and adaptor (42%), syringe and needle into vein (14%) and evacuated tube system used conventionally (6%). Where a syringe was used, two methods of transfer into the sample tube were observed; needle kept on with cap piercing (77%) and needle and evacuated cap both removed (23%). On 20 out of 50 phlebotomy episodes (40%), the potassium-EDTA tube was filled prior to the biochemistry serum gel tube. A search of the laboratory computer records for ward-based phlebotomy found 30 of 1034 samples were haemolysed (2.9%). In the 50 phlebotomy episodes in the Majors area of the Emergency Department, 24% produced a haemolysed sample ( P &lt; 0.0001). For samples taken from all areas of Emergency Medicine over a seven-day period, 52 of 485 were haemolysed (10.7%; P &lt; 0.0001).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study has shown that phlebotomy techniques in the Emergency Department deviate from standard practice significantly. This may well be a reason for the much higher frequency of haemolysed samples and with the wrong order of collection the possibility of potassium-EDTA-contaminated samples.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1258\/acb.2011.011099","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,9,24]],"date-time":"2011-09-24T01:58:49Z","timestamp":1316829529000},"page":"562-565","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":33,"title":["Variation in phlebotomy techniques in emergency medicine and the incidence of haemolysed samples"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"48","author":[{"given":"J E","family":"Berg","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical School, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2JA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"P","family":"Ahee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Emergency Medicine Department"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J D","family":"Berg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Biochemistry Department, SWBH NHS Trust, Birmingham B18 7QH, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,9,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr-ACB-11-099C1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1258\/acb.2010.009306"},{"key":"bibr-ACB-11-099C2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1742-1241.2008.01981.x"},{"key":"bibr-ACB-11-099C3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1258\/0004563021901973"},{"key":"bibr-ACB-11-099C4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0009-8981(02)00251-6"},{"key":"bibr-ACB-11-099C5","unstructured":"Greiner Bio-One.\n                      The Vacuette System Instructions for Use\n                      . See http:\/\/www.gbo.com\/documents\/Vacuette_system_IFU(1).pdf (last checked 4 June 2011)"},{"key":"bibr-ACB-11-099C6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1258\/acb.2009.008228"}],"container-title":["Annals of Clinical Biochemistry: International Journal of Laboratory Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1258\/acb.2011.011099","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1258\/acb.2011.011099","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1258\/acb.2011.011099","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T11:56:32Z","timestamp":1777377392000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1258\/acb.2011.011099"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2011,9,23]]},"references-count":6,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,11]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1258\/acb.2011.011099"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1258\/acb.2011.011099","relation":{},"ISSN":["0004-5632","1758-1001"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0004-5632","type":"print"},{"value":"1758-1001","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2011,9,23]]}}}