{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T14:33:05Z","timestamp":1790087585812,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,4,1]],"date-time":"2011-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1301616000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Acta Radiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Rupture of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a life-threatening condition accompanied by hemorrhage. Transarterial embolization\/chemoembolization (TAE\/TACE) can be used as the first-line treatment to achieve initial homeostasis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To investigate the outcome of TAE\/TACE for spontaneous ruptured HCC and to determine the prognostic factors affecting survival.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Material and Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We retrospectively reviewed the clinicoradiologic data of 47 patients (8 women, 39 men; median age 64.4 years) with serum bilirubin levels &lt;3.0 mg\/dL that underwent TAE\/TACE for ruptured HCC between January 2004 and June 2010. Survival rates were estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method and prognostic factors of poor survival were obtained by univariate and multivariate analyses.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The clinical success rate of TAE\/TACE was 94% (44\/47). The median survival time was 179.6 days. The 1-month, 3-month, 6-month, and 12-month survival rates were 75%, 54%, 48%, and 43%, respectively. Old age, a previous history of TACE for HCC, low initial hemoglobin level, higher blood transfusion requirement, Child-Pugh class C, high serum bilirubin level, low serum albumin level, prolonged prothrombin time, high serum creatinine level on admission, presence of encephalopathy, severe ascites, lobar TAE\/TACE, presence of portal vein thrombosis, and tumors involving both lobes were associated with poor survival. Multivariate analysis revealed that higher blood transfusion requirement, Child-Pugh class C, presence of portal vein thrombosis, and tumors involving both lobes were significant predictors of poor survival.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>TAE\/TACE is effective for achieving initial hemostasis, which is critical to survival. Regardless of successful TAE\/TACE, the survival rate in patients with Child-Pugh class C remains poor. Portal vein thrombosis and tumor extent are significant image parameters for predicting survival after TAE\/TACE for ruptured HCC.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1258\/ar.2010.100369","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,3,31]],"date-time":"2011-03-31T19:44:08Z","timestamp":1301600648000},"page":"331-335","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":41,"title":["Outcome and prognostic factors of spontaneous ruptured hepatocellular carcinoma treated with transarterial embolization"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"52","author":[{"given":"Byung Seok","family":"Shin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Chungnam National University Hospital, Daejeon"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mi-Hyun","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Dankook University Hospital, Anseodong, Cheonan, Chungnam, South Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gyeong Sik","family":"Jeon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Dankook University Hospital, Anseodong, Cheonan, Chungnam, South 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