{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T15:45:57Z","timestamp":1777477557339,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,3,1]],"date-time":"2012-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1330560000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Acta Radiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In the Taiwanese military, flatfoot is indicated by a calcaneal-fifth metatarsal angle (arch angle) \u2265165\u00b0. However, the arch angle is not always easily defined.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To assess correlations between the arch angle and other radiographic measures and thus identify an alternative radiographic measure for diagnosing flatfoot.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Material and Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Eighty-seven male Taiwanese military recruits were studied (median age 22 years, interquartile range 20\u201323 years). Lateral, weight-bearing radiographs were taken. Five radiographic measurements, including the calcaneal-fifth metatarsal angle (arch angle), medial arch angle (MAA), calcaneal pitch angle (CP), talus angle (TA), and talar-first metatarsal angle (TFM) were made. Correlations between the arch angle and all other measures were determined. A cut-off value for predicting flatfoot (arch angle \u2265165\u00b0) was determined for each measure using the Youden index and receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curves were generated for each measure to assess diagnostic accuracy.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>All measures were significantly correlated with arch angle ( P &lt; 0.05); however, the strongest correlation was for CP (\u03c1 = \u20130.905, P &lt; 0.001). CP was associated with the highest area under the ROC (0.988 vs. 0.711\u20130.912 for the other measures). Further, CP (cut-off &lt;12.3\u00b0) had the highest sensitivity (92.0%), positive predictive value (76.7%), and negative predictive value (96.5%). TFM (&gt;9.5\u00b0) had the highest specificity (90.3% vs. 88.75 for CP &lt;12.3\u00b0).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>CP is inversely correlated with arch angle in Taiwanese male military recruits. CP &lt; 12.3\u00b0 is a significant predictor of flatfoot. Assessment of CP may be used as an alternative means of diagnosing flatfoot when the arch angle is not easily defined.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1258\/ar.2011.110387","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,12,8]],"date-time":"2011-12-08T01:01:40Z","timestamp":1323306100000},"page":"192-196","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Comparison of radiological measures for diagnosing flatfoot"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"53","author":[{"given":"Huan-Chu","family":"Lo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Taoyuan Armed Forces General Hospital, Taoyuan"},{"name":"Diagnostic Radiology, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wen-Cheng","family":"Chu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Taoyuan Armed Forces General Hospital, Taoyuan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wei-Kai","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Taoyuan Armed Forces General Hospital, Taoyuan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hsin","family":"Hsieh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Taoyuan Armed Forces General Hospital, Taoyuan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chieh-Ping","family":"Chou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Taoyuan Armed Forces General Hospital, Taoyuan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shao-En","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Taoyuan Armed Forces General Hospital, Taoyuan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pin-Ya","family":"Chou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Taoyuan Armed Forces General Hospital, Taoyuan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chen-Hui","family":"Liao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Taoyuan Armed Forces General Hospital, Taoyuan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiao-Yun","family":"Guan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Taoyuan Armed Forces General Hospital, Taoyuan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shu-Chee","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Taoyuan Armed Forces General Hospital, 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