{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T05:44:14Z","timestamp":1777873454829,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,1,1]],"date-time":"2012-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1325376000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Exp Biol Med (Maywood)"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    This study was designed to investigate the hepatoprotective effects of magnesium chenoursodeoxycholic acid (Mg-CUD), a magnesium trihydrate salt of ursodeoxycholic acid and chenodeoxycholic acid, in carbon tetrachloride (CCl\n                    <jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>\n                    )-induced liver fibrosis in rats. Rats were treated with CCl\n                    <jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>\n                    dissolved in olive oil (0.5 mL\/kg, twice a week) intraperitoneally for eight weeks. Mg-CUD was administered orally at 15.625, 31.25, 62.5 and 125 mg\/kg once a day. Chronic CCl\n                    <jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>\n                    administration induced increases in serum transforming growth factor- \u03b21, hepatic hydroxyproline content and serum alanine aminotransferase activity. Mg-CUD attenuated these increases. The levels of \u03b1-smooth muscle actin protein and mRNA expression were increased by chronic CCl\n                    <jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>\n                    exposure and Mg-CUD attenuated these increases. Mg-CUD suppressed increases in matrix metalloproteinase-2 and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 mRNA expression and elevation of oxidative stresses by attenuating lipid peroxidation and enhancing reduced glutathione\/oxidized glutathione ratio. The overexpression of toll-like receptor 4 and increased nuclear translocation of nuclear factor- \u03baB and phosphorylated c-Jun, a component of activator protein 1, were suppressed by Mg-CUD. Furthermore, CCl\n                    <jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>\n                    increased the levels of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)- \u03b1, interleukin (IL)-6, IL-10 and cyclooxygenase (COX)-2. Mg-CUD attenuated the levels of TNF- \u03b1, IL-6 and COX-2, while it augmented the level of IL-10. Our results suggest that Mg-CUD may prevent liver fibrosis by modulating collagen accumulation and inflammatory signaling pathways.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1258\/ebm.2011.011219","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,12,21]],"date-time":"2011-12-21T01:07:02Z","timestamp":1324429622000},"page":"83-92","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Magnesium chenoursodeoxycholic acid ameliorates carbon tetrachloride-induced liver fibrosis in rats"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"237","author":[{"given":"Jung-Woo","family":"Kang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, 300 Cheoncheon-dong, Jangan-gu, Suwon Gyeonggi-do 440-746"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Seong-Jin","family":"Yoon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, 300 Cheoncheon-dong, Jangan-gu, Suwon Gyeonggi-do 440-746"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yong-Kyung","family":"Sung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Myungmoon Pharm. 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