{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T05:44:33Z","timestamp":1777873473264,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,10,1]],"date-time":"2012-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1349049600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Exp Biol Med (Maywood)"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    No mechanistic actions for piracetam have been documented to support its nootropic effects. Voltage-gated calcium channels have been proposed as a promising pharmacological target of nootropic drugs. In this study, we investigated the effect of piracetam on Ca\n                    <jats:sub>V<\/jats:sub>\n                    2.2 channels in peripheral neurons, using patch-clamp recordings from cultured superior cervical ganglion neurons. In addition, we tested if Ca\n                    <jats:sub>V<\/jats:sub>\n                    2.2 channel inhibition could be related with the effects of piracetam on central neurons. We found that piracetam inhibited native Ca\n                    <jats:sub>V<\/jats:sub>\n                    2.2 channels in superior cervical ganglion neurons in a dose-dependent manner, with an IC\n                    <jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub>\n                    of 3.4 \u03bcmol\/L and a Hill coefficient of 1.1. GDP \u03b2S dialysis did not prevent piracetam-induced inhibition of Ca\n                    <jats:sub>V<\/jats:sub>\n                    2.2 channels and G-protein-coupled receptor activation by noradrenaline did not occlude the piracetam effect. Piracetam altered the biophysical characteristics of Ca\n                    <jats:sub>V<\/jats:sub>\n                    2.2 channel such as facilitation ratio. In hippocampal slices, piracetam and \u03c9-conotoxin GVIA diminished the frequency of excitatory postsynaptic potentials and action potentials. Our results provide evidence of piracetam's actions on Ca\n                    <jats:sub>V<\/jats:sub>\n                    2.2 channels in peripheral neurons, which might explain some of its nootropic effects in central neurons.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1258\/ebm.2012.012128","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,10,9]],"date-time":"2012-10-09T00:53:49Z","timestamp":1349744029000},"page":"1209-1218","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["A novel Ca\n                    <sub>V<\/sub>\n                    2.2 channel inhibition by piracetam in peripheral and central neurons"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"237","author":[{"given":"Jorge","family":"Bravo-Mart\u00ednez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Universidad Nacional Aut\u00f3noma de M\u00e9xico (UNAM), Apdo. 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