{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,2]],"date-time":"2026-05-02T00:40:25Z","timestamp":1777682425009,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":85,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,8,1]],"date-time":"2011-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1312156800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Health Serv Manage Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The purpose of this study is to review the literature that discusses the relationship between strategic group membership and performance in the nursing home industry. This literature review examines the relationship between organizational structure and performance in the nursing home industry. Results from these studies suggest industry stability of segmentation; limitation of strategic choice due to high mobility barriers (as represented by facility, staffing and location variables); quality is controlled by the existing combinations of industry regulation and market competition; and the existence of performance differences among strategic groups.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1258\/hsmr.2011.011002","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,8,12]],"date-time":"2011-08-12T04:38:19Z","timestamp":1313123899000},"page":"151-159","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Strategic groups in health care: a literature review"],"prefix":"10.1258","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Martha M","family":"Perryman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Health Care Management, School of Allied Health Sciences, Florida A&amp;M University, Tallahassee, FL, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Patrick A","family":"Rivers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Care Management, College of Applied Sciences &amp; Arts, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_1_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"HartmanM MartinA McDonnellP CatlinA. National Health Spending In 2007: Slower Drug Spending Contributes To Lowest Rate Of Overall Growth Since 1998. Health Affairs [serial online]. 2009;28:246-61. Available from: ABI\/INFORM Global. Accessed February 25 2011 Document ID: 1628336231","DOI":"10.1377\/hlthaff.28.1.246"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1377\/hlthaff.18.4.146"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_4_2","unstructured":"Perryman-StarkeyM. Strategic analysis of the Alabama Nursing Home Industry. Unpublished PhD Dissertation University of Alabama at Birmingham Birmingham AL 2003"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/107755879905600203"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_6_2","first-page":"187","article-title":"Strategic groups, performance, and strategic response in the nursing home industry","volume":"29","author":"Zinn JS","year":"1994","unstructured":"ZinnJS, AaronsonWE, RoskoMD. Strategic groups, performance, and strategic response in the nursing home industry. Health Serv Res 1994;29:187\u2013205","journal-title":"Health Serv Res"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_7_2","volume-title":"Strategy and Structure: Chapters in the History of the Industrial Enterprise","author":"Chandler AD","year":"1962","unstructured":"ChandlerAD. Strategy and Structure: Chapters in the History of the Industrial Enterprise. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1962"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_8_2","first-page":"61","article-title":"Price and production policies of large-scale enterprise","volume":"29","author":"Mason ES","year":"1939","unstructured":"MasonES. Price and production policies of large-scale enterprise. Am Econ Rev 1939;29:61\u201374","journal-title":"Am Econ Rev"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4159\/harvard.9780674188037"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_10_2","volume-title":"The External Control of Organizations \u2013 A Resource Dependence Perspective","author":"Pfeffer J","year":"1978","unstructured":"PfefferJ, SalancikGR. The External Control of Organizations \u2013 A Resource Dependence Perspective. New York\/Hagerstown\/San Francisco\/London: Harper & Row, Publishers, 1978"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/2392452"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5465\/amr.1984.4279680"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/smj.4250050207"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/41165082"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/smj.4250160605"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/smj.4250140203"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_17_2","unstructured":"HuntMS. Competition in the Major Home Appliance Industry 1960 - 1970. Unpublished PhD dissertation Harvard University Cambridge MA 1972"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_18_2","unstructured":"NewmanHH. Strategic Groups and the Structure-Performance Relationship: A Study with Respect to the Chemical Process Industries. Unpublished Unpublished doctoral dissertation Harvard University Cambridge MA 1973"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/smj.4250140106"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/smj.4250090302"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1287\/mnsc.33.9.1102"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/smj.4250110303"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/smj.4250100506"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_24_2","first-page":"42","article-title":"How competitive forces shape strategy","author":"Porter ME","year":"1979","unstructured":"PorterME. How competitive forces shape strategy. Harvard Bus Rev 1979 ;(March-April):42\u201356","journal-title":"Harvard Bus Rev"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/1885416"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/1924589"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/1925935"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/smj.4250070204"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-6486.1988.tb00046.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/257028"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/256847"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/256040"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/1924167"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_34_2","unstructured":"UlrichDO. United States and Japanese Electronics Industries: Description Taxonomy and Selection. Unpublished PhD dissertation University of California at Los Angeles Los Angeles CA 1982"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/001872678704000302"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/smj.4250140402"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/014920638701300412"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5465\/amr.1990.4308156"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/ssre.1995.1002"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_40_2","first-page":"1753","article-title":"Organizational and environmental factors associated with nursing home participation in managed care","volume":"33","author":"Zinn JS","year":"1999","unstructured":"ZinnJS, MorV, CastleN, IntratorO, BrannonD. Organizational and environmental factors associated with nursing home participation in managed care. Health Services Research 1999;33:1753\u201367","journal-title":"Health Services Research"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/256812"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/smj.4250080404"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/2097932"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/256408"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/226424"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/2095567"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_47_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/geront\/34.6.775"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_48_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/145845"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_49_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/014920639101700204"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_50_2","first-page":"255","article-title":"Nursing home cost and ownership type: evidence of interaction effects","volume":"22","author":"Arling G","year":"1987","unstructured":"ArlingG, NordquistRH, CapitmanJA. Nursing home cost and ownership type: evidence of interaction effects. Health Serv Res 1987;22:255\u201369","journal-title":"Health Serv Res"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_51_2","first-page":"623","article-title":"Medicaid payment policies for nursing home care: case mix, access, and heavy care","volume":"10","author":"Buchanan RJ","year":"1992","unstructured":"BuchananRJ. Medicaid payment policies for nursing home care: case mix, access, and heavy care. J Health Adm Educ 1992;10:623\u201348","journal-title":"J Health Adm Educ"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_52_2","first-page":"171","article-title":"Are for-profit nursing homes more efficient? Data envelopment analysis with a case-mix constraint","volume":"20","author":"Chattopadhyay S","year":"1994","unstructured":"ChattopadhyayS, HeffleyD. Are for-profit nursing homes more efficient? Data envelopment analysis with a case-mix constraint. East Econ J 1994;20:171\u201381","journal-title":"East Econ J"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_53_2","first-page":"101","article-title":"Creating a MEDPAR analog to the RUG-III classification style","volume":"16","author":"Cornelius E","year":"1994","unstructured":"CorneliusE, FeldmanJ, MarstellerJA, LiuK. Creating a MEDPAR analog to the RUG-III classification style. Health Care Financ Rev 1994;16:101\u201312","journal-title":"Health Care Financ Rev"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_54_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00004010-199301830-00010"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_55_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1020823612156"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_56_2","first-page":"162","article-title":"Nursing home case-mix differences between medicare and non-medicare and between hospital-based and freestanding patients","volume":"22","author":"Shaughnessy PW","year":"1985","unstructured":"ShaughnessyPW, KramerAM, SchlenkerRE, PolesovskyMB. Nursing home case-mix differences between medicare and non-medicare and between hospital-based and freestanding patients. Inquiry 1985;22:162\u201377","journal-title":"Inquiry"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_57_2","first-page":"75","article-title":"Cost and case-mix differences between hospital-based and freestanding nursing homes","volume":"7","author":"Sulvetta MB","year":"1986","unstructured":"SulvettaMB, HolahanJ. Cost and case-mix differences between hospital-based and freestanding nursing homes. Health Care Financ Rev 1986;7:75\u201384","journal-title":"Health Care Financ Rev"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_58_2","first-page":"357","article-title":"The impact of case mix on hospital cost: a comparative analysis","volume":"17","author":"Watts CA","year":"1980","unstructured":"WattsCA, KlastorinTD. The impact of case mix on hospital cost: a comparative analysis. Inquiry 1980;17:357\u201367","journal-title":"Inquiry"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_59_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/107755879004700105"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_60_2","first-page":"183","article-title":"The effects of medicaid reimbursement method and ownership on nursing home costs, case mix, and staffing","volume":"27","author":"Cohen JW","year":"1990","unstructured":"CohenJW, DubayLC. The effects of medicaid reimbursement method and ownership on nursing home costs, case mix, and staffing. Inquiry 1990;27:183\u2013200","journal-title":"Inquiry"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_61_2","first-page":"815","article-title":"Nursing home performance under case-mix reimbursement: responding to heavy-care incentives and market changes","volume":"33","author":"Davis MA","year":"1998","unstructured":"DavisMA, FreemanJW, KirbyEC. Nursing home performance under case-mix reimbursement: responding to heavy-care incentives and market changes. Health Serv Res 1998;33:815\u201334","journal-title":"Health Serv Res"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_62_2","first-page":"73","article-title":"The nursing home market and hospital discharge delays","volume":"27","author":"Kenney G","year":"1990","unstructured":"KenneyG, HolahanJ. The nursing home market and hospital discharge delays. Inquiry 1990;27:73\u201385","journal-title":"Inquiry"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_63_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1547-5069.2000.00077.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_64_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0167-6296(85)90031-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_65_2","first-page":"511","article-title":"Analysis of nursing home use and bed supply: Wisconsin, 1983","volume":"24","author":"Nyman JA","year":"1989","unstructured":"NymanJA. Analysis of nursing home use and bed supply: Wisconsin, 1983. Health Serv Res 1989;24:511\u201337","journal-title":"Health Serv Res"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_66_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005650-198705000-00001"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_67_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1215\/03616878-12-4-683"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_68_2","first-page":"61","article-title":"Case mix, quality, and cost relationships in Colorado nursing homes","volume":"6","author":"Schlenker RE","year":"1984","unstructured":"SchlenkerRE, ShaughnessyPW. Case mix, quality, and cost relationships in Colorado nursing homes. Health Care Financ Rev 1984;6:61\u201371","journal-title":"Health Care Financ Rev"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_69_2","first-page":"55","article-title":"Quality of care in teaching nursing homes: findings and implications","volume":"16","author":"Shaughnessy PW","year":"1995","unstructured":"ShaughnessyPW, KramerAM, HittleDF, SteinerJF. Quality of care in teaching nursing homes: findings and implications. Health Care Financ Rev 1995;16:55\u201370","journal-title":"Health Care Financ Rev"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_70_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/016327879802100301"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_71_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005650-198504000-00005"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_72_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/256339"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_73_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-6486.1991.tb00984.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_74_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/smj.4250060105"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_75_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-6486.1990.tb00757.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_76_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/256365"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_77_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-6486.1991.tb00762.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_78_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/014920638801400306"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_79_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/1935834"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_80_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/smj.4250050307"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_81_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/smj.4250090105"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_82_2","unstructured":"RamslerM. Strategic groups and foreign market entry in global banking competition. Unpublished PhD Dissertation Harvard University Cambridge MA 1982"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_83_2","unstructured":"PorterME. Retailer power manufacturer strategy and performance in consumer goods industry. Unpublished Ph.D. dissertation Harvard University Cambridge MA 1973"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_84_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/255894"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_85_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/2098350"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_86_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0266(199710)18:9<745::AID-SMJ925>3.0.CO;2-U"}],"container-title":["Health Services Management Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1258\/hsmr.2011.011002","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1258\/hsmr.2011.011002","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1258\/hsmr.2011.011002","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T08:42:57Z","timestamp":1777452177000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1258\/hsmr.2011.011002"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2011,8]]},"references-count":85,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,8]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1258\/hsmr.2011.011002"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1258\/hsmr.2011.011002","relation":{},"ISSN":["0951-4848","1758-1044"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0951-4848","type":"print"},{"value":"1758-1044","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2011,8]]}}}