{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,9]],"date-time":"2025-04-09T11:30:33Z","timestamp":1744198233248,"version":"3.38.0"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2008,1,1]],"date-time":"2008-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1199145600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Int J STD AIDS"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p> In the USA, annual rates of new human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)\/AIDS diagnoses are seven and 21 times higher in black men and women, respectively, than in whites. Epidemiological inquiry on this disparity has chiefly focused on contextual factors; such emphasis has eclipsed study of direct HIV vectors. The US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recently announced its intention to curb HIV propagation in black communities, recommending culturally appropriate HIV\/AIDS strategies. Contemplated societal interventions should be informed by data evaluating more direct (and under-assessed) HIV transmission vectors, specifically anal intercourse and unsuspected blood exposures. This recommendation involves tracing sexual and non-sexual contacts of recently infected persons and uninfected controls, coupled with DNA sequencing of HIV isolates. Public health authorities do not know the extent to which unmeasured yet plausible HIV transmission vectors can account for ethnic disparities. Appropriate prevention strategies depend critically on direct, rather than ecologic, evidence. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1258\/ijsa.2007.007238","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,2,11]],"date-time":"2008-02-11T01:32:22Z","timestamp":1202693542000},"page":"1-3","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Blind spots in the epidemiology of HIV in black Americans"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"John J","family":"Potterat","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Colorado Springs, CO, Seattle, WA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Devon D","family":"Brewer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Interdisciplinary Scientific Research, Seattle, WA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stuart","family":"Brody","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of the West of Scotland, Paisley, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2008,1,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-ijsa.2007.007238","first-page":"189","volume":"56","author":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.","year":"2007","journal-title":"MMWR"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"bibr2-ijsa.2007.007238","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1987.03400040071016"},{"year":"2006","author":"Fullilove RE","journal-title":"National Minority AIDS Commission","key":"bibr3-ijsa.2007.007238"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"bibr4-ijsa.2007.007238","DOI":"10.1086\/425290"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"bibr5-ijsa.2007.007238","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a009564"},{"volume-title":"Questionnaire for Supplement to HIV and AIDS Surveillance Project, Version 6.","author":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.","key":"bibr6-ijsa.2007.007238"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"bibr7-ijsa.2007.007238","DOI":"10.1097\/00007435-200009000-00012"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"bibr8-ijsa.2007.007238","DOI":"10.1097\/01.olq.0000218852.83584.7f"},{"volume-title":"The Effects of Male Incarceration Dynamics on AIDS Infection Rates Among African-American Women and Men.","year":"2005","author":"Johnson RC","key":"bibr9-ijsa.2007.007238"},{"key":"bibr10-ijsa.2007.007238","first-page":"421","volume":"55","author":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.","year":"2006","journal-title":"MMWR"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"bibr11-ijsa.2007.007238","DOI":"10.1086\/513435"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"bibr12-ijsa.2007.007238","DOI":"10.1086\/513436"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"bibr13-ijsa.2007.007238","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01541846"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"bibr14-ijsa.2007.007238","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199305063281814"},{"key":"bibr15-ijsa.2007.007238","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1352","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199305063281815","volume":"328","author":"Ellerbrock TV","year":"1993","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"bibr16-ijsa.2007.007238","DOI":"10.1097\/00042560-199903010-00013"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"bibr17-ijsa.2007.007238","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199408113310601"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"bibr18-ijsa.2007.007238","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a009276"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"bibr19-ijsa.2007.007238","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.74.12.5577-5586.2000"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"bibr20-ijsa.2007.007238","DOI":"10.1086\/319676"},{"volume-title":"The Social Organization of Sexuality: Sexual Practices in the United States.","year":"1994","author":"Laumann EO","key":"bibr21-ijsa.2007.007238"},{"unstructured":"New amfAR research grants aim to advance understanding and prevention of rectal HIV transmission. The Foundation for AIDS Research News, 2007. See [http:\/\/www.amfar.org\/cgi-bin\/iowa\/news\/press.html?record=167].","key":"bibr22-ijsa.2007.007238"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"bibr23-ijsa.2007.007238","DOI":"10.1258\/095646204322637317"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"bibr24-ijsa.2007.007238","DOI":"10.1086\/505585"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"bibr25-ijsa.2007.007238","DOI":"10.1258\/095646204322637173"},{"volume-title":"HIV Partner Counseling and Referral Services: Guidance: U.S.","year":"1998","author":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.","key":"bibr26-ijsa.2007.007238"}],"container-title":["International Journal of STD &amp; AIDS"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1258\/ijsa.2007.007238","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1258\/ijsa.2007.007238","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1258\/ijsa.2007.007238","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,3]],"date-time":"2025-03-03T13:31:56Z","timestamp":1741008716000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1258\/ijsa.2007.007238"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2008,1]]},"references-count":26,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1258\/ijsa.2007.007238"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1258\/ijsa.2007.007238","relation":{},"ISSN":["0956-4624","1758-1052"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0956-4624"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1758-1052"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2008,1]]}}}