{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,16]],"date-time":"2026-03-16T17:08:34Z","timestamp":1773680914523,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2008,5,1]],"date-time":"2008-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1209600000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Int J STD AIDS"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:p> Bangladesh has been conducting annual serological surveillance for HIV and syphilis since 1998 among most at-risk populations including sex workers, males having sex with males, injecting drug users (IDUs) and heroin smokers. During the seventh round conducted between January and June 2006, 10,368 people were sampled and the overall HIV prevalence was 0.9%. The highest HIV rate was recorded in male IDUs from the capital city Dhaka (7%), and the rates have risen significantly over the rounds (P &lt; 0.001). In Dhaka, most of the HIV-positive IDUs (10.5%) were localized in one neighbourhood, while in the remaining neighbourhoods 1% were positive (P &lt; 0.001). In all other groups, HIV prevalence was P &lt; 0.001). Bangladesh has to act urgently to prevent escalation of the epidemic. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1258\/ijsa.2007.007269","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,6,30]],"date-time":"2008-06-30T18:21:47Z","timestamp":1214850107000},"page":"327-331","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Bangladesh Moves from Being a Low-Prevalence Nation for Hiv to One with a Concentrated Epidemic in Injecting Drug Users"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"T","family":"Azim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (ICDDR, B)"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M","family":"Rahman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Epidemiology, Disease Control and Research"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M S","family":"Alam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (ICDDR, B)"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"I A","family":"Chowdhury","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Epidemiology, Disease Control and Research"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"R","family":"Khan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (ICDDR, B)"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M","family":"Reza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (ICDDR, B)"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M","family":"Rahman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (ICDDR, B)"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"E I","family":"Chowdhury","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (ICDDR, B)"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M","family":"Hanifuddin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National AIDS\/STD Programme"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A S M M","family":"Rahman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National AIDS Committee and National AIDS\/STD Programme, Directorate General of Health Services, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of Bangladesh, Mohakhali, Dhaka, Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2008,5,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-ijsa.2007.007269","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1258\/0956462052932584"},{"key":"bibr2-ijsa.2007.007269","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00002030-200001280-00022"},{"key":"bibr3-ijsa.2007.007269","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/sti.77.2.114"},{"key":"bibr4-ijsa.2007.007269","first-page":"180","volume":"80","author":"Hawkes S","year":"2002","journal-title":"Bull World Health Organ"},{"key":"bibr5-ijsa.2007.007269","volume-title":"Guidelines for Second Generation HIV Surveillance.","author":"UNAIDS\/WHO.","year":"2000"},{"key":"bibr6-ijsa.2007.007269","volume-title":"National HIV Serological and Behavioural Surveillance, 2003-2004, Bangladesh.","author":"Government of Bangladesh.","year":"2006"},{"key":"bibr7-ijsa.2007.007269","volume-title":"National HIV Serological Surveillance, 2004-2005, Bangladesh.","author":"Government of Bangladesh.","year":"2005"},{"key":"bibr8-ijsa.2007.007269","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/30.4.878"},{"key":"bibr9-ijsa.2007.007269","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1477-7517-3-33"},{"key":"bibr10-ijsa.2007.007269","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10654-005-0372-9"},{"key":"bibr11-ijsa.2007.007269","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0b013e328012b885"},{"key":"bibr12-ijsa.2007.007269","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00126334-200303010-00011"},{"key":"bibr13-ijsa.2007.007269","volume-title":"HIV in Bangladesh: Is Time Running Out?","author":"Government of Bangladesh.","year":"2003"},{"key":"bibr14-ijsa.2007.007269","unstructured":"Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics. Demographics of Bangladesh, 2001; 5[http:\/\/www.bbs.gov.bd]"},{"key":"bibr15-ijsa.2007.007269","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.0030262"},{"key":"bibr16-ijsa.2007.007269","volume-title":"High Coverage Sites. HIV Prevention Among Injecting Drug Users in Transitional and Developing Countries: Case Studies.","author":"UNAIDS, Best Practice Collection.","year":"2006"},{"key":"bibr17-ijsa.2007.007269","volume-title":"Female Sex Worker HIV Prevention Projects: Lessons Learnt from Papua New Guinea, India and Bangladesh.","author":"UNAIDS.","year":"2000"},{"key":"bibr18-ijsa.2007.007269","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.2006.01637.x"},{"key":"bibr19-ijsa.2007.007269","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1477-7517-2-22"},{"key":"bibr20-ijsa.2007.007269","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.qai.0000160713.94203.9b"},{"key":"bibr21-ijsa.2007.007269","first-page":"91","volume":"45","author":"Sarkar S","year":"1993","journal-title":"Bull Narc"},{"key":"bibr22-ijsa.2007.007269","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1258\/095646204322916713"},{"key":"bibr23-ijsa.2007.007269","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.74.3.1149-1157.2000"},{"key":"bibr24-ijsa.2007.007269","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1258\/0956462001916137"},{"key":"bibr25-ijsa.2007.007269","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0955-3959(02)00209-8"},{"key":"bibr26-ijsa.2007.007269","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00126334-200210010-00015"},{"key":"bibr27-ijsa.2007.007269","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/154.12.S70"}],"container-title":["International Journal of STD &amp; AIDS"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1258\/ijsa.2007.007269","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1258\/ijsa.2007.007269","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1258\/ijsa.2007.007269","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,28]],"date-time":"2025-02-28T15:18:06Z","timestamp":1740755886000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1258\/ijsa.2007.007269"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2008,5]]},"references-count":27,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,5]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1258\/ijsa.2007.007269"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1258\/ijsa.2007.007269","relation":{},"ISSN":["0956-4624","1758-1052"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0956-4624","type":"print"},{"value":"1758-1052","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2008,5]]}}}