{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,1]],"date-time":"2025-03-01T05:46:00Z","timestamp":1740807960181,"version":"3.38.0"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,8,1]],"date-time":"2009-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1249084800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Int J STD AIDS"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:p> A 39-year-old white man developed a severe left toe foot ischaemia and toe skin necrosis following his 12 courses of interleukin (IL)-2 (4.5 MIU twice a day, subcutaneously) for five days every two months. He had no known general risk factors for thrombosis other than HIV infection. An arterial Doppler ultrasound examination of the leg confirmed the permeability of the posterior tibial artery and its digital pulse. A diagnosis of foot ischaemia and toe skin necrosis was made. The suspected causative agent was IL-2 since this was the only drug that the patient was taking before the symptoms appeared. The patient was empirically treated with an aspirin and pentoxifylline in order to improve local microcirculation. We observed a satisfactory response with a quick resolve of skin lesions. The most possible cause of foot ischaemia and toe skin necrosis was considered to be IL-2 because of the temporal relationship between the exposure to the drug and onset of symptoms. Based on the Naranjo probability scale, IL-2 could be considered the probable cause of the foot ischaemia and toe skin necrosis. If clinical evaluation leads to the suspicion of ischaemic process, therapy with IL-2 should be discontinued immediately. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1258\/ijsa.2008.008282","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,7,22]],"date-time":"2009-07-22T18:20:38Z","timestamp":1248286838000},"page":"577-579","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Foot ischaemia and toe skin necrosis associated with interleukin-2 infusion in an HIV-infected patient"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"A","family":"Belda","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Internal Medicine Service"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J","family":"Borr\u00e1s-Blasco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pharmacy Service, Hospital de Sagunto, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"L","family":"Lopez-Montes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Internal Medicine Service"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"D","family":"Rosique-Robles","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pharmacy Service, Hospital de Sagunto, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"E","family":"Caster\u00e1","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pharmacy Service, Hospital de Sagunto, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J","family":"Abad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pharmacy Service, Hospital de Sagunto, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,8,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr-IJSA-08-282C1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.qai.0000182847.38098.d1"},{"key":"bibr-IJSA-08-282C2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkl263"},{"key":"bibr-IJSA-08-282C3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI24307"},{"key":"bibr-IJSA-08-282C4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199610313351803"},{"key":"bibr-IJSA-08-282C5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00002030-200210180-00007"},{"key":"bibr-IJSA-08-282C6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.167.6.597"},{"key":"bibr-IJSA-08-282C7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0b013e3282703825"},{"key":"bibr-IJSA-08-282C8","unstructured":"GESIDA. Recomendaciones de Gesida\/Plan Nacional sobre el Sida respecto al tratamiento antiretroviral en adultos infectados por el virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana (actualizaci\u00f3n enero 2008), http:\/\/www.gesida.seimc.org\/Pcientifica\/dconsensos.asp?apnv0=pcientifica&ap (13 de marzo 2008, date last accessed 2008)"},{"key":"bibr-IJSA-08-282C9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1345\/aph.18019"},{"key":"bibr-IJSA-08-282C10","first-page":"11","volume":"16","author":"Schwartz RN","year":"2002","journal-title":"Oncology (Williston Park)"},{"key":"bibr-IJSA-08-282C11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM200103153441118"},{"key":"bibr-IJSA-08-282C12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199503023320904"},{"key":"bibr-IJSA-08-282C13","first-page":"718","volume":"10","author":"Wang L","year":"2000","journal-title":"AIDS Read"},{"key":"bibr-IJSA-08-282C14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/apc.1998.12.187"},{"key":"bibr-IJSA-08-282C15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1310\/T5FR-8JPX-0NEF-XDKD"},{"key":"bibr-IJSA-08-282C16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkn238"},{"key":"bibr-IJSA-08-282C17","first-page":"3425","volume":"52","author":"Edwards MJ","year":"1992","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"key":"bibr-IJSA-08-282C18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s002620050527"},{"key":"bibr-IJSA-08-282C19","first-page":"4377","volume":"50","author":"Ellison MD","year":"1990","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"key":"bibr-IJSA-08-282C20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1916","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.142.6.1916","volume":"142","author":"Ferro TJ","year":"1989","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"bibr-IJSA-08-282C21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.HYP.21.3.289"},{"key":"bibr-IJSA-08-282C22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.92.7.2691"},{"key":"bibr-IJSA-08-282C23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/clpt.1981.154"},{"key":"bibr-IJSA-08-282C24","first-page":"199","volume":"110","author":"Edwards MJ","year":"1991","journal-title":"Surgery"}],"container-title":["International Journal of STD &amp; AIDS"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1258\/ijsa.2008.008282","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1258\/ijsa.2008.008282","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1258\/ijsa.2008.008282","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,28]],"date-time":"2025-02-28T17:55:03Z","timestamp":1740765303000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1258\/ijsa.2008.008282"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2009,8]]},"references-count":24,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,8]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1258\/ijsa.2008.008282"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1258\/ijsa.2008.008282","relation":{},"ISSN":["0956-4624","1758-1052"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0956-4624"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1758-1052"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2009,8]]}}}