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Of the total drug users, 10,724 were found to be injection drug users (IDUs) and 4841 were non-injection drug users (non-IDUs). Various studies identified that among IDUs and non-IDUs, the overall HIV prevalence rates were 12.55% and 1.05%, and the HCV prevalence rates were 66.97% and 18.30%, respectively. The HIV prevalence rate ranged from 0% (Anhui and Inner Mongolia) to 52.51% (Yunnan) among IDUs, and from 0% to 19.80% among non-IDUs correspondingly. The HCV prevalence rate ranged from 11.43% (Shannxi) to 90.77% (Hubei) among IDUs, and from 0% (Anhui) to 40.00% (Fujian) among non-IDUs. Based on the high prevalence of HIV and HCV among drug users, scaling-up harm reduction was required from \u2018heroin trafficking areas\u2019 to other areas in China. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1258\/ijsa.2008.008362","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,5,18]],"date-time":"2009-05-18T19:38:08Z","timestamp":1242675488000},"page":"399-405","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":94,"title":["Systematic review of HIV and HCV infection among drug users in China"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Y-P","family":"Bao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute on Drug Dependence, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Z-M","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute on Drug Dependence, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,6,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr-IJSA-08-362C1","volume-title":"The Politics of Heroin: CIA Complicity in the Global Drug Trade","author":"McCoy A","year":"1991"},{"key":"bibr-IJSA-08-362C2","volume-title":"Opium and Foreign Policy: The Anglo-American Search for Order in Asia","author":"Walker O","year":"1991"},{"key":"bibr-IJSA-08-362C3","unstructured":"UNDCP. 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