{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,18]],"date-time":"2026-05-18T22:50:00Z","timestamp":1779144600059,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,10,1]],"date-time":"2009-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1254355200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Int J STD AIDS"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:p> A cross-sectional study was performed to evaluate classical risk factors for cardiovascular diseases and subclinical atherosclerosis by carotid ultrasonography in HIV-positive subjects, na\u00efve or treated with antiretroviral agents. A total of 66 patients were enrolled into the study: 21 subjects were na\u00efve to all antiretroviral agents (group A) and 45 patients were treated with antiretroviral therapy for \u226736 months (group B). The prevalence of carotid plaques was significantly higher in group B than in group A (44.7% versus 0%; P = 0.014). In group B, patients with high 10-year risk of coronary heart disease showed a significantly higher intima-media thickness and prevalence of carotid lesions than those with low risk. Moreover, carotid lesions were structurally comparable to classical atherosclerotique plaques observed in the general population, with iso-hyperechonegic aspects and irregular surfaces. The prevalence of carotid atherosclerosis in experienced patients is higher than in those na\u00efve to highly active antiretroviral therapy and seems mostly associated with a longer duration of HIV infection, more severe lipid metabolism alterations, presence of lipodystrophy syndrome and a more elevated 10-year risk of cardiovascular diseases. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1258\/ijsa.2009.008504","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,10,8]],"date-time":"2009-10-08T23:49:28Z","timestamp":1255045768000},"page":"683-689","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Cardiovascular risk factors and ultrasound evaluation of carotid atherosclerosis in patients with HIV-1 infection"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"L","family":"Calza","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Geriatrics and Nephrologic Diseases, Section of Infectious Diseases"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"G","family":"Verucchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Geriatrics and Nephrologic Diseases, Section of Infectious Diseases"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"D","family":"Pocaterra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Geriatrics and Nephrologic Diseases, Section of Infectious Diseases"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M","family":"Pavoni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Geriatrics and Nephrologic Diseases, Section of Infectious Diseases"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A","family":"Alfieri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Geriatrics and Nephrologic Diseases, Section of Infectious Diseases"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A","family":"Cicognani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Geriatrics and Nephrologic Diseases, Section of Infectious Diseases"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"R","family":"Manfredi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Geriatrics and Nephrologic Diseases, Section of Infectious Diseases"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"C","family":"Serra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology, \u2018Alma Mater Studiorum\u2019 University of Bologna, S. Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, via G. Massarenti, 11 40138 Bologna, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"F","family":"Chiodo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Geriatrics and Nephrologic Diseases, Section of Infectious Diseases"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,10,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr-IJSA-08-504C1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199803263381301"},{"key":"bibr-IJSA-08-504C2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkh013"},{"key":"bibr-IJSA-08-504C3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(02)11672-2"},{"key":"bibr-IJSA-08-504C4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00002030-200311210-00010"},{"key":"bibr-IJSA-08-504C5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa062744"},{"key":"bibr-IJSA-08-504C6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-1293.2006.00362.x"},{"key":"bibr-IJSA-08-504C7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-1293.2005.00265.x"},{"key":"bibr-IJSA-08-504C8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00002030-200404300-00010"},{"key":"bibr-IJSA-08-504C9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2005.06.049"},{"key":"bibr-IJSA-08-504C10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/509575"},{"key":"bibr-IJSA-08-504C11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.aids.0000171406.53737.f9"},{"key":"bibr-IJSA-08-504C12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2005.09.025"},{"key":"bibr-IJSA-08-504C13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.mca.0000236292.86930.e3"},{"key":"bibr-IJSA-08-504C14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/hrt.2003.025080"},{"key":"bibr-IJSA-08-504C15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/518285"},{"key":"bibr-IJSA-08-504C16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/521935"},{"key":"bibr-IJSA-08-504C17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa022048"},{"key":"bibr-IJSA-08-504C18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa030218"},{"key":"bibr-IJSA-08-504C19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(08)60423-7"},{"key":"bibr-IJSA-08-504C20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0b013e32830fe35e"},{"key":"bibr-IJSA-08-504C21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/135965350801300215"},{"key":"bibr-IJSA-08-504C22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0b013e328300581d"},{"key":"bibr-IJSA-08-504C23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2006-1140"},{"key":"bibr-IJSA-08-504C24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2006.12.022"},{"key":"bibr-IJSA-08-504C25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2008.05.028"},{"key":"bibr-IJSA-08-504C26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0b013e328306a6c5"},{"key":"bibr-IJSA-08-504C27","first-page":"489","volume":"22","author":"Maggi P","year":"2008","journal-title":"In Vivo"},{"key":"bibr-IJSA-08-504C28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carpath.2007.12.011"},{"key":"bibr-IJSA-08-504C29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1042\/CS20070353"},{"key":"bibr-IJSA-08-504C30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1475-097X.2007.00737.x"},{"key":"bibr-IJSA-08-504C31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/338572"},{"key":"bibr-IJSA-08-504C32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00002030-200303280-00020"},{"key":"bibr-IJSA-08-504C33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0923-2494(97)82482-0"},{"key":"bibr-IJSA-08-504C34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MOL.0b013e3282ef604f"},{"key":"bibr-IJSA-08-504C35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.106.479030"}],"container-title":["International Journal of STD &amp; AIDS"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1258\/ijsa.2009.008504","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1258\/ijsa.2009.008504","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1258\/ijsa.2009.008504","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,1]],"date-time":"2025-03-01T22:41:49Z","timestamp":1740868909000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1258\/ijsa.2009.008504"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2009,10]]},"references-count":35,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,10]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1258\/ijsa.2009.008504"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1258\/ijsa.2009.008504","relation":{},"ISSN":["0956-4624","1758-1052"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0956-4624","type":"print"},{"value":"1758-1052","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2009,10]]}}}