{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,23]],"date-time":"2026-04-23T03:59:02Z","timestamp":1776916742211,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":9,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,4,1]],"date-time":"2010-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1270080000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Int J STD AIDS"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:p> Summary <\/jats:p><jats:p> Recidivism is common in patients infected with gonorrhoea. Identifying the factors most closely associated with recurrent gonococcal infection can help to target health promotion and disease prevention interventions. A case-control study design was used to quantify the importance of past infection as a risk marker for gonorrhoea while controlling for other demographic and behavioural factors. Data were available for 134 cases of gonorrhoea and 150 controls. A history of gonorrhoea (odds ratio [OR] 4.36 [95% CI 1.78\u201310.71]) was the strongest predictor of current infection. The number of partners in the last month (OR 2.19 [95% CI 1.20\u20134.02]) was also significantly associated with a diagnosis of gonorrhoea. Patients presenting with gonorrhoea are a specific high-risk group who require additional interventions and should be prioritized for evidence-based, enhanced and interactive counselling. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1258\/ijsa.2009.009235","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,4,8]],"date-time":"2010-04-08T21:54:27Z","timestamp":1270763667000},"page":"277-278","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Previous history of gonococcal infection as a risk factor in patients presenting with gonorrhoea"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"T","family":"Fowler","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Protection Agency, West Midlands East"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M","family":"Caley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Protection Agency, West Midlands East"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"R","family":"Johal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Whittall Street Clinic, Birmingham, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"R","family":"Brown","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Whittall Street Clinic, Birmingham, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J D C","family":"Ross","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Whittall Street Clinic, Birmingham, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2010,4,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-ijsa.2009.009235","unstructured":"Health Protection Agency. Number of new STI episodes seen at genitourinary medicine clinics by sex, 1998-2007. 2009. See http:\/\/www.hpa.org.uk\/web\/HPAwebFile\/HPAweb_C\/1215589015024 (last accessed 1 February 2010)"},{"key":"bibr2-ijsa.2009.009235","unstructured":"Health Protection Agency. GRASP Annual Report 2007. 2008. See http:\/\/www.hpa.org.uk\/web\/HPAwebFile\/HPAweb_C\/1221117895841 (last accessed 1 February 2010)"},{"key":"bibr3-ijsa.2009.009235","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00007435-200007000-00008"},{"key":"bibr4-ijsa.2009.009235","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/sti.79.2.124"},{"key":"bibr5-ijsa.2009.009235","first-page":"518","volume":"73","author":"Bjekic M","year":"1997","journal-title":"Genitourin Med"},{"key":"bibr6-ijsa.2009.009235","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/sti.2006.024059"},{"key":"bibr7-ijsa.2009.009235","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control. Sexually Transmitted Diseases Treatment Guidelines 2006. 2006. See http:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/std\/treatment\/2006\/clinical.htm (last accessed 1 February 2010)"},{"key":"bibr8-ijsa.2009.009235","unstructured":"National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence. One to one interventions to reduce the transmission of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) including HIV, and to reduce the rate of under 18 conceptions, especially among vulnerable and at risk groups. 2007. See http:\/\/www.nice.org.uk\/nicemedia\/pdf\/PHI003guidance.pdf (last accessed 1 February 2010)"},{"key":"bibr9-ijsa.2009.009235","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.280.13.1161"}],"container-title":["International Journal of STD &amp; AIDS"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1258\/ijsa.2009.009235","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1258\/ijsa.2009.009235","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1258\/ijsa.2009.009235","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,1]],"date-time":"2025-03-01T00:25:30Z","timestamp":1740788730000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1258\/ijsa.2009.009235"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2010,4]]},"references-count":9,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,4]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1258\/ijsa.2009.009235"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1258\/ijsa.2009.009235","relation":{},"ISSN":["0956-4624","1758-1052"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0956-4624","type":"print"},{"value":"1758-1052","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2010,4]]}}}