{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,17]],"date-time":"2025-12-17T08:21:23Z","timestamp":1765959683243,"version":"3.33.0"},"reference-count":14,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,10,1]],"date-time":"2012-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1349049600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Int J STD AIDS"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:p> To study demographic, social, behavioural and biological variables as risk factors for HIV infection among men and women in India, we used data from the cross-sectional, population-based National Family Health Survery (NFHS)-3 2005\u201306. During the survey, 52,853 women aged 15\u201349 years and 50,093 men aged 15\u201354 years gave consent to anonymous HIV testing. HIV serostatus data for men and women were analysed for their relationships to key characteristics using bivariate and multivariate techniques. In the analysis of the study sample, in both men and women the ages of highest risk for HIV were between 25 and 34 years. Married, widowed, divorced women and men had higher odds of being HIV-positive; employed individuals also had a higher risk of being HIV-positive (odds ratio [OR] = 1.89 and 2.89, respectively). Muslim women had a lower risk (OR 0.23). Wealth was not found to be associated with HIV serostatus among men in our study sample. In women, a history of genital ulcer or sore significantly increased their risk. Circumcised men were found to be at a lower risk for HIV infection. HIV is a multi-dimensional epidemic, with demographic, residential, social, biological and behavioural factors exerting influence on individual probability of becoming infected with HIV. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1258\/ijsa.2009.009243","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,10,25]],"date-time":"2012-10-25T15:21:48Z","timestamp":1351178508000},"page":"729-735","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Risk factors for HIV-1 infection in India: evidence from the National Family Health Survey"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"I","family":"Hazarika","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Indian Institute of Public Health \u2013 Public Health, Plot No. 34, Sector 44 Institutional Area Gurgaon, New Delhi, Delhi 122002, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,10,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr-IJSA-09-243C1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(06)70551-5"},{"key":"bibr-IJSA-09-243C2","unstructured":"The World Bank. HIV\/AIDS in India. See www.worldbank.org\/en\/news\/2012\/07\/10\/hiv-aids-india (last accessed 11 September 2012)"},{"key":"bibr-IJSA-09-243C3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMp078011"},{"key":"bibr-IJSA-09-243C4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.qai.0000225870.87456.ae"},{"key":"bibr-IJSA-09-243C5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.aids.0000131338.61042.b8"},{"key":"bibr-IJSA-09-243C6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00002030-200010200-00018"},{"key":"bibr-IJSA-09-243C7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00042560-199702010-00010"},{"key":"bibr-IJSA-09-243C8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-7-58"},{"volume-title":"National Family Health Survey (NFHS-3), 2005\u201306: India","year":"2007","author":"International Institute for Population Sciences (IIPS) and Macro International.","key":"bibr-IJSA-09-243C9"},{"volume-title":"HIV testing laboratory manual: demographic and health surveys","year":"2005","author":"ORC Macro","key":"bibr-IJSA-09-243C10"},{"key":"bibr-IJSA-09-243C11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.olq.0000135989.14131.9d"},{"key":"bibr-IJSA-09-243C12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0b013e328012b885"},{"key":"bibr-IJSA-09-243C13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.aids.0000300533.59483.95"},{"key":"bibr-IJSA-09-243C14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMp0708474"}],"container-title":["International Journal of STD &amp; AIDS"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1258\/ijsa.2009.009243","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1258\/ijsa.2009.009243","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1258\/ijsa.2009.009243","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,28]],"date-time":"2025-01-28T01:13:38Z","timestamp":1738026818000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1258\/ijsa.2009.009243"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2012,10]]},"references-count":14,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,10]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1258\/ijsa.2009.009243"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1258\/ijsa.2009.009243","relation":{},"ISSN":["0956-4624","1758-1052"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0956-4624"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1758-1052"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2012,10]]}}}