{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,4]],"date-time":"2025-03-04T05:32:41Z","timestamp":1741066361331,"version":"3.38.0"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,4,1]],"date-time":"2012-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1333238400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Int J STD AIDS"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:p> The aim of this study was to investigate the factors relating to CD4 level at HIV diagnosis and HIV testing behaviour. Participants were newly diagnosed patients ( n = 654) in Japan from 2000 to 2005. Around 75% of participants were diagnosed at hospital and clinics. Mean CD4 counts at diagnosis through voluntary HIV testing, screening tests and testing due to concomitant sexually transmitted infection (STI) were 368, 336 and 316 cells\/\u03bcL, respectively. In contrast, the mean CD4 count where testing was due to the presence of HIV-related clinical symptoms was 151 cells\/\u03bcL ( P &lt; 0.0001). Compared with those diagnosed at their first HIV test, those who had undertaken multiple HIV tests prior to diagnosis showed CD4 counts that increased significantly ( P &lt; 0.0001) in relation to the number of tests undertaken: CD4 count at first test was 232 cells\/\u03bcL, second test 346 cells\/\u03bcL and third or additional tests 439 cells\/\u03bcL. According to our results, HIV testing policy that promotes HIV testing in medical settings and among STI patients is needed to facilitate earlier HIV diagnosis in Japan. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1258\/ijsa.2009.009493","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,5,11]],"date-time":"2012-05-11T13:58:06Z","timestamp":1336744686000},"page":"262-266","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["The relationship between HIV testing and CD4 counts at HIV diagnosis among newly diagnosed HIV-1 patients in Japan"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"M","family":"Takano","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Social and Environmental Medicine, Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba"},{"name":"AIDS Clinical Center, National Center for Global Health and Medicine"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M","family":"Okada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tokyo, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"S","family":"Oka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"AIDS Clinical Center, National Center for Global Health and Medicine"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Y","family":"Wagatsuma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tokyo, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,4,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr-IJSA-09-493C1","first-page":"1497","volume":"280","author":"Palella FJ","year":"1998","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"bibr-IJSA-09-493C2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-146-2-200701160-00003"},{"key":"bibr-IJSA-09-493C3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/QAI.0b013e318134257a"},{"key":"bibr-IJSA-09-493C4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0b013e32801138f7"},{"key":"bibr-IJSA-09-493C5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00002030-200401020-00011"},{"key":"bibr-IJSA-09-493C6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/QAI.0b013e318160d57e"},{"key":"bibr-IJSA-09-493C7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00126334-200302010-00005"},{"key":"bibr-IJSA-09-493C8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.qai.0000243114.37035.de"},{"key":"bibr-IJSA-09-493C9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1258\/095646207780749709"},{"key":"bibr-IJSA-09-493C10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/QAI.0b013e318186eabc"},{"key":"bibr-IJSA-09-493C11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/108729103322395492"},{"key":"bibr-IJSA-09-493C12","first-page":"329","volume":"52","author":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)","year":"2003","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"issue":"19","key":"bibr-IJSA-09-493C13","first-page":"1","volume":"50","author":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)","year":"2001","journal-title":"MMWR Recomm Rep"},{"issue":"14","key":"bibr-IJSA-09-493C14","first-page":"1","volume":"55","author":"Branson BM","year":"2006","journal-title":"MMWR Recomm Rep"},{"key":"bibr-IJSA-09-493C15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.162.8.887"},{"key":"bibr-IJSA-09-493C16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/003335490612100212"},{"key":"bibr-IJSA-09-493C17","first-page":"27","volume":"4","author":"Gupta SB","year":"2001","journal-title":"Commun Dis Public Health"},{"key":"bibr-IJSA-09-493C18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.0040194"},{"key":"bibr-IJSA-09-493C19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2188\/jea.14.182"},{"issue":"10","key":"bibr-IJSA-09-493C20","first-page":"1","volume":"51","author":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)","year":"2008","journal-title":"MMWR Recomm Rep"},{"key":"bibr-IJSA-09-493C21","first-page":"581","volume":"52","author":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)","year":"2003","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"key":"bibr-IJSA-09-493C22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-8-220"},{"key":"bibr-IJSA-09-493C23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00126334-200408010-00009"},{"volume-title":"Testing Times. 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