{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,2]],"date-time":"2026-05-02T00:52:28Z","timestamp":1777683148077,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,7,1]],"date-time":"2011-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1309478400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Health Serv Res Policy"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To estimate the relative inpatient costs of hospital-acquired conditions.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Patient level costs were estimated using computerized costing systems that log individual utilization of inpatient services and apply sophisticated cost estimates from the hospital's general ledger. Occurrence of hospital-acquired conditions was identified using an Australian \u2018condition-onset\u2019 flag for diagnoses not present on admission. These were grouped to yield a comprehensive set of 144 categories of hospital-acquired conditions to summarize data coded with ICD-10. Standard linear regression techniques were used to identify the independent contribution of hospital-acquired conditions to costs, taking into account the case-mix of a sample of acute inpatients (n 5 1,699,997) treated in Australian public hospitals in Victoria (2005\/ 06) and Queensland (2006\/07).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The most costly types of complications were post-procedure endocrine\/metabolic disorders, adding AU$21,827 to the cost of an episode, followed by MRSA (AU$19,881) and enterocolitis due to Clostridium difficile (AU$19,743). Aggregate costs to the system, however, were highest for septicaemia (AU$41.4 million), complications of cardiac and vascular implants other than septicaemia (AU$28.7 million), acute lower respiratory infections, including influenza and pneumonia (AU$27.8 million) and UTI (AU$24.7 million). Hospital-acquired complications are estimated to add 17.3% to treatment costs in this sample.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Patient safety efforts frequently focus on dramatic but rare complications with very serious patient harm. Previous studies of the costs of adverse events have provided information on \u2018indicators\u2019 of safety problems rather than the full range of hospital-acquired conditions. Adding a cost dimension to priority-setting could result in changes to the focus of patient safety programmes and research. Financial information should be combined with information on patient outcomes to allow for cost-utility evaluation of future interventions.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1258\/jhsrp.2010.010050","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,6,30]],"date-time":"2011-06-30T08:59:05Z","timestamp":1309424345000},"page":"141-146","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":53,"title":["Marginal Costs of Hospital-Acquired Conditions: Information for Priority-Setting for Patient Safety Programmes and Research"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Terri","family":"Jackson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hong Son","family":"Nghiem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre of National Research on Disability and Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Rowell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Australian Centre for Economic Research on Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christine","family":"Jorm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"John","family":"Wakefield","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Patient Safety and Quality Improvement Service, Queensland Health, Brisbane, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,7,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-jhsrp.2010.010050","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.290.14.1868"},{"key":"bibr2-jhsrp.2010.010050","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005650-199407000-00004"},{"key":"bibr3-jhsrp.2010.010050","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005650-200008000-00010"},{"key":"bibr4-jhsrp.2010.010050","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005650-200008000-00004"},{"key":"bibr5-jhsrp.2010.010050","first-page":"63","volume":"27","author":"Hughes JS","year":"2006","journal-title":"Health Care Financ Rev"},{"key":"bibr6-jhsrp.2010.010050","unstructured":"Shreve J, Van Den Bos J, Gray T,  The Economic Measurement of Medical Errors. Available at: http:\/\/www.soa.org\/files\/pdf\/research-econ-measurement.pdf (last accessed 25 August 2010)"},{"key":"bibr7-jhsrp.2010.010050","first-page":"119","volume":"2","author":"Layde PM","year":"2005","journal-title":"Rockville, MD: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality"},{"key":"bibr8-jhsrp.2010.010050","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1440-1762.1999.00301.x"},{"key":"bibr9-jhsrp.2010.010050","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5694\/j.1326-5377.1995.tb124691.x"},{"key":"bibr10-jhsrp.2010.010050","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5694\/j.1326-5377.2006.tb00378.x"},{"key":"bibr11-jhsrp.2010.010050","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5694\/j.1326-5377.2009.tb03307.x"},{"key":"bibr12-jhsrp.2010.010050","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/183335830603500307"},{"key":"bibr13-jhsrp.2010.010050","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.mlr.0000228018.48783.34"},{"key":"bibr14-jhsrp.2010.010050","volume-title":"Victorian Additions to Australian Coding Standards: Vic 0002 Additional diagnoses.","author":"Health Data Standards and Systems Unit.","year":"2006"},{"key":"bibr15-jhsrp.2010.010050","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1258\/135581906775094271"},{"key":"bibr16-jhsrp.2010.010050","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1472-6947-9-48"},{"key":"bibr17-jhsrp.2010.010050","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-842X.2000.tb01562.x"},{"key":"bibr18-jhsrp.2010.010050","volume-title":"Australian Refined Diagnosis Related Groups Version 5.0.","author":"Department of Health and Ageing.","year":"2002"},{"key":"bibr19-jhsrp.2010.010050","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.publhealth.23.100901.140546"},{"key":"bibr20-jhsrp.2010.010050","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/qhc.11.3.224"},{"key":"bibr21-jhsrp.2010.010050","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.healthpol.2004.08.009"},{"key":"bibr22-jhsrp.2010.010050","unstructured":"Jackson TJ. One Dollar in Seven: Scoping the Economics of Patient Safety Canadian Patient Safety Institute 2009. Available at: http:\/\/www.patientsafetyinstitute.ca\/English\/research\/commissionedResearch\/EconomicsofPatientSafety\/Documents\/Economics%20of%20Patient%20Safety%20Literature%20Review.pdf (last accessed 22 September 2010)"},{"key":"bibr23-jhsrp.2010.010050","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamcollsurg.2006.02.015"},{"key":"bibr24-jhsrp.2010.010050","first-page":"21","volume":"19","author":"Rowell DS","year":"2010","journal-title":"Qual Saf Health Care"}],"container-title":["Journal of Health Services Research &amp; Policy"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1258\/jhsrp.2010.010050","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1258\/jhsrp.2010.010050","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1258\/jhsrp.2010.010050","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T08:45:09Z","timestamp":1777452309000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1258\/jhsrp.2010.010050"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2011,7]]},"references-count":24,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,7]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1258\/jhsrp.2010.010050"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1258\/jhsrp.2010.010050","relation":{},"ISSN":["1355-8196","1758-1060"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1355-8196","type":"print"},{"value":"1758-1060","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2011,7]]}}}