{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,17]],"date-time":"2025-09-17T16:34:36Z","timestamp":1758126876703,"version":"3.38.0"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,4,30]],"date-time":"2012-04-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1335744000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Med Screen"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p> To estimate the pre-eclampsia screening performance of placental growth factor (PlGF) and endoglin with second-trimester Quadruple test markers used for antenatal Down's syndrome screening. <\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p> A nested case-control study of 88 pregnant women with known early second-trimester Down's syndrome Quadruple test marker levels who subsequently developed pre-eclampsia and 275 unaffected controls. Frozen maternal serum samples were thawed and assayed for PlGF and endoglin. Monte Carlo simulation was used to estimate the pre-eclampsia screening performance of a pre-eclampsia detection algorithm using the Quadruple test markers with or without the addition of PlGF and\/or endoglin. <\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p> Median PlGF was 33% lower (95% confidence interval 24\u201341%) and endoglin 31% (20\u201343%) higher in pre-eclampsia than in unaffected pregnancies. Adding PlGF to the Quadruple test markers increased the pre-eclampsia detection rate from 34% to 45% at a 5% false-positive rate \u2013 it increased it to 43% with endoglin and to 50% with both. The corresponding estimates for early pre-eclampsia (before 36 weeks\u2019 gestation) were a few percentage points higher (48%, 48% and 55% respectively). Including information on parity, pre-eclampsia in a previous pregnancy, family history (woman's mother) and assuming a pre-eclampsia prevalence of 2%, the detection rates for a 5% false-positive rate were 39% with the Quadruple test markers, 48% with addition of endoglin, 49% with addition of PlGF, and 54% with addition of both. <\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p> Adding PlGF to the Quadruple test Down's syndrome screening markers improves pre-eclampsia screening performance. There is a modest extra benefit in also adding the measurement of endoglin. <\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1258\/jms.2012.011114","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,6,29]],"date-time":"2012-06-29T11:44:14Z","timestamp":1340970254000},"page":"60-67","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Screening for pre-eclampsia using serum placental growth factor and endoglin with Down's syndrome Quadruple test markers"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Nicholas J","family":"Wald","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Wolfson Institute of Preventive Medicine, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jonathan P","family":"Bestwick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wolfson Institute of Preventive Medicine, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lynne M","family":"George","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wolfson Institute of Preventive Medicine, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tiesheng","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wolfson Institute of Preventive Medicine, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joan K","family":"Morris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wolfson Institute of Preventive Medicine, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary 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