{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,16]],"date-time":"2026-05-16T01:50:27Z","timestamp":1778896227587,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,8,1]],"date-time":"2011-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1312156800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J R Soc Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Pulmonary embolism is believed to be a common cause of death of hospital inpatients. The aims of this study were to estimate the number of deaths caused by pulmonary embolism and the potential to reduce this by the use of caval filters according to accepted indications.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Review of autopsy reports and death notification records from 2007 and 2008. When pulmonary embolism was given as cause of death (in the autopsy report or in section 1 a-c or part 2 of the Medical Certificate of the Cause of Death), hospital records were reviewed for evidence of pre-mortem diagnosis of pulmonary embolism or deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and for evidence of accepted indications for caval filter placement.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Large UK teaching hospital.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Participants<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Hospital inpatients whose deaths were attributed to pulmonary embolism.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Main outcome measures<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Proportion of deaths adjudged at autopsy to be due to pulmonary embolism; evidence of pre-mortem diagnosis of DVT or pulmonary embolism; total number of hospital admission and deaths.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>From a total of 186,517 adult inpatient admissions there were 2583 (1.4%) adult inpatient deaths of which 696 (27%) underwent autopsy. Of those undergoing autopsy, 14 (2.0%, 95% CI 1.2\u20133.3%) deaths were caused by pulmonary embolism. Pulmonary embolism was recorded as a cause of death in a further 12 (0.7%) of 1773 patients who did not undergo autopsy. Of these, five had a pre-mortem diagnosis of DVT or pulmonary embolism.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The proportion of deaths caused by pulmonary embolism appears to be considerably lower than the widely published rate, and of this small number, few have a pre-mortem diagnosis of DVT or pulmonary embolism. There is little scope for further reduction of pulmonary embolism mortality through use of caval filters according to guidelines. Current policy on pulmonary embolism risk prevention appears to be based on an over-estimate of the level of risk.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1258\/jrsm.2011.100395","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,8,4]],"date-time":"2011-08-04T10:18:45Z","timestamp":1312453125000},"page":"327-331","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Mortality from pulmonary embolism is decreasing in hospital patients"],"prefix":"10.1258","volume":"104","author":[{"given":"Douglas","family":"Kopcke","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Central Manchester University Hospitals, Manchester, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ondina","family":"Harryman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Central Manchester University Hospitals, Manchester, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Emyr W","family":"Benbow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Central Manchester University Hospitals, Manchester, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Charles","family":"Hay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Haematology, Central Manchester University Hospitals, Manchester, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nicholas","family":"Chalmers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Central Manchester University Hospitals, Manchester, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,8,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr-JRSM-10-0395C1","volume-title":"The prevention of venous thromboembolism in hospitalised patients. HC99","author":"The House of Commons","year":"2005"},{"key":"bibr-JRSM-10-0395C2","volume-title":"Venous thromboembolism prevention: a patient safety priority","author":"Arya R","year":"2009"},{"key":"bibr-JRSM-10-0395C3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.104.512834"},{"key":"bibr-JRSM-10-0395C4","volume-title":"Venous Thromboembolism: reducing the risk. NICE clinical guideline 92. Reducing the risk of venous thromboembolism (deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism) in patients admitted to hospital","author":"National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence","year":"2010"},{"key":"bibr-JRSM-10-0395C5","unstructured":"National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence. NICE VTE quality standard. London: NICE, 2010. See http:\/\/www.nice.org.uk\/media\/7F5\/32\/VTEQualityStandard.pdf"},{"key":"bibr-JRSM-10-0395C6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/014107688908200407"},{"key":"bibr-JRSM-10-0395C7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1160\/TH07-03-0212"},{"key":"bibr-JRSM-10-0395C8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1987.03390020069029"},{"key":"bibr-JRSM-10-0395C9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"RubinsteinI, MurrayD, HoffsteinV. Fatal pulmonary emboli in hospitalized patients. An autopsy study\n                      . Arch Intern Med\n                      1988;148:1425\u20136","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.148.6.1425"},{"key":"bibr-JRSM-10-0395C10","first-page":"65","volume":"26","author":"Cohen AT","year":"1996","journal-title":"Haemostasis"},{"key":"bibr-JRSM-10-0395C11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.108.4.978"},{"key":"bibr-JRSM-10-0395C12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2141.2006.06226.x"},{"key":"bibr-JRSM-10-0395C13","first-page":"S271","volume":"14","author":"Grassi CJ","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Vasc Interv Radiol"},{"key":"bibr-JRSM-10-0395C14","unstructured":"Cardiovascular and Interventional Radiological Society of Europe. Quality improvement guidelines for percutaneous inferior vena cava filter placement for the prevention of pulmonary embolism. Vienna: CIRSE, 2003. See http:\/\/www.cirse.org\/files\/File\/SOP\/01%20qig.pdf (last checked 08 October 2010)"},{"key":"bibr-JRSM-10-0395C15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/path.1711330403"},{"key":"bibr-JRSM-10-0395C16","unstructured":"Office for National Statistics. Mortality statistics: Deaths registered in 2007. London: ONS, 2008. See http:\/\/www.statistics.gov.uk\/downloads\/theme_health\/DR2007\/DR_07_2007.pdf."},{"key":"bibr-JRSM-10-0395C17","unstructured":"Office for National Statistics. Mortality statistics: Deaths registered in 2008. London: ONS, 2009. See http:\/\/www.statistics.gov.uk\/downloads\/theme_health\/DR2008\/DR_08.pdf"},{"key":"bibr-JRSM-10-0395C18","unstructured":"Department of Health. Risk assessment for venous thromboembolism (VTE). London: Department of Health, 2010. 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