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Sixty-three adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were anaesthetized with sevoflurane ( n = 7 per group). Sevoflurane MAC was then determined before and after intraperitoneal administration of the opioids or saline. The duration of the sevoflurane MAC reduction and basic cardiovascular and respiratory measurements were also recorded. The baseline MAC was 2.5 (0.3) vol%. Methadone, tramadol and morphine reduced the sevoflurane MAC (low dose: 31 \u00b1 10, 38 \u00b1 15 and 30 \u00b1 13% respectively; high dose: 100 \u00b1 0, 83 \u00b1 17 and 77 \u00b1 25%, respectively) in a dose-dependent manner. The low and high doses of butorphanol reduced the sevoflurane MAC to a similar extent (33 \u00b1 7 and 31 \u00b1 4%, low and high doses, respectively). Two rats developed apnoea following administration of high-dose butorphanol and methadone. These anaesthetic-sparing effects are clinically relevant and may reduce the adverse effects associated with higher doses of inhalational anaesthetics.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1258\/la.2012.010066","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,7,3]],"date-time":"2012-07-03T04:44:21Z","timestamp":1341290661000},"page":"200-206","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Reduction of the sevoflurane minimum alveolar concentration induced by methadone, tramadol, butorphanol and morphine in rats"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"46","author":[{"given":"Mariana","family":"Abreu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, Veterinary Faculty, Complutense University of Madrid (UCM), Avda. 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