{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,28]],"date-time":"2025-01-28T05:39:03Z","timestamp":1738042743900,"version":"3.33.0"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"1_suppl","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,10,1]],"date-time":"2011-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1317427200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Med Sci Law"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Aim of study<\/jats:title><jats:p> Psychic trauma is described as the action of \u2018an emotionally overwhelming factor\u2019 capable of causing neurovegetative alterations leading to transitory or persisting bodily changes. The medicolegal concept of psychic trauma and its definition as a cause in penal cases is debated. The authors present three cases of death after psychic trauma, and discuss the definition of cause within the penal ambit of identified \u2018emotionally overwhelming factors\u2019. <\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Materials and methods<\/jats:title><jats:p> The methodological approach to ascertainment and criterion-based assessment in each case involved the following phases: (1) examination of circumstantial evidence, clinical records and documentation; (2) autopsy; (3) ascertainment of cause of death; and (4) ascertainment of psychic trauma, and its coexisting relationship with the cause of death. <\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p> The results and assessment of each of the three cases are discussed from the viewpoint of the causal connotation of psychic trauma. In the cases presented, psychic trauma caused death, as deduced from assessment of the type of externally caused emotional insult, the subjects\u2019 personal characteristics and the circumstances of the event causing death. <\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p> In cases of death due to psychic trauma, careful methodological ascertainment is essential, with the double aim of defining \u2018emotionally overwhelming factors\u2019 as a significant cause of death from the penal point of view, and of identifying the responsibility of third parties involved in the death event and associated dynamics of homicide. <\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1258\/msl.2010.100061","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,10,17]],"date-time":"2011-10-17T00:31:10Z","timestamp":1318811470000},"page":"11-15","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Psychic trauma as 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