{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,6]],"date-time":"2026-03-06T07:49:02Z","timestamp":1772783342906,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"1019","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,11,1]],"date-time":"2012-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1351728000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,11,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The objective of this study was to demonstrate soft palate MRI at 1.5 and 3 T with high temporal resolution on clinical scanners.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Six volunteers were imaged while speaking, using both four real-time steady-state free-precession (SSFP) sequences at 3 T and four balanced SSFP (bSSFP) at 1.5 T. Temporal resolution was 9\u201320 frames s\u22121 (fps), spatial resolution 1.6\u00d71.6\u00d710.0\u20132.7\u00d72.7\u00d710.0 mm3. Simultaneous audio was recorded. Signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), palate thickness and image quality score (1\u20134, non-diagnostic\u2013excellent) were evaluated.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>SNR was higher at 3 T than 1.5 T in the relaxed palate (nasal breathing position) and reduced in the elevated palate at 3 T, but not 1.5 T. Image quality was not significantly different between field strengths or sequences (p=NS). At 3 T, 40% acquisitions scored 2 and 56% scored 3. Most 1.5 T acquisitions scored 1 (19%) or 4 (46%). Image quality was more dependent on subject or field than sequence. SNR in static images was highest with 1.9\u00d71.9\u00d710.0 mm3 resolution (10 fps) and measured palate thickness was similar (p=NS) to that at the highest resolution (1.6\u00d71.6\u00d710.0 mm3). SNR in intensity\u2013time plots through the soft palate was highest with 2.7\u00d72.7\u00d710.0 mm3 resolution (20 fps).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>At 3 T, SSFP images are of a reliable quality, but 1.5 T bSSFP images are often better. For geometric measurements, temporal should be traded for spatial resolution (1.9\u00d71.9\u00d710.0 mm3, 10 fps). For assessment of motion, temporal should be prioritised over spatial resolution (2.7\u00d72.7\u00d710.0 mm3, 20 fps).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Advances in knowledge<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Diagnostic quality real-time soft palate MRI is possible using clinical scanners and optimised protocols have been developed. 3 T SSFP imaging is reliable, but 1.5 T bSSFP often produces better images.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1259\/bjr\/32938996","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,7,18]],"date-time":"2012-07-18T22:23:31Z","timestamp":1342650211000},"page":"e1083-e1092","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":37,"title":["Towards clinical assessment of velopharyngeal closure using MRI: evaluation of real-time MRI sequences at 1.5 and 3 T"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"85","author":[{"given":"A 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