{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,30]],"date-time":"2025-07-30T14:06:44Z","timestamp":1753884404684,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"1071","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,15]],"date-time":"2017-02-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1487116800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>To evaluate the benefit of adjuvant radiotherapy (RT) after surgical resection for extrahepatic bile duct (EHBD) cancer.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>From 1997 to 2015, 59 patients with EHBD cancer were the subject of this study; 36 patients not undergoing adjuvant treatment after surgery (observation group) and 23 patients receiving adjuvant RT (RT group) were compared. Microscopic residual disease (R1) was in 9 (25%) patients and 5 (22%) patients, and macroscopic residual disease (R2) was in 2 (6%) patients and 6 (26%) patients in the observation and RT groups, respectively. Adjuvant RT was delivered to the tumour bed and regional lymph nodes up to 50.4\u2009Gy (range, 45\u201361\u2009Gy).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>With a median follow-up of 19 months, local recurrence was observed in 10 (28%) patients and 2 (9%) patients in the observation and RT groups, respectively. On univariate analysis, the 5-year local recurrence-free survival (LRFS) rates were 50% in the observation group and 54% in the RT group (p\u2009=\u20090.401). The 5-year overall survival (OS) rates were 29.3% in the observation group and 26.3% in the RT group (p\u2009=\u20090.602). On multivariable analysis, however, adjuvant RT significantly improved LRFS [hazard ratio (HR), 0.310; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.100\u20130.963; p\u2009=\u20090.043] and had a trend towards increased OS (HR, 0.491; 95% CI, 0.219\u20131.102; p\u2009=\u20090.085). Resection margin (RM) status was also correlated with LRFS (HR for R1 6.134, 95% CI 2.051\u201318.344; and HR for R2 18.551, 95% CI 3.680\u201393.520; p\u2009&amp;lt;\u20090.001) and OS (HR for R1 1.816, 95% CI 0.853\u20133.867; and HR for R2 3.564, 95% CI 1.175\u201310.809; p\u2009=\u20090.054).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>RM status was a significant prognosticator of EHBD cancer, and adjuvant RT improved local control rate; thereby, survival rate might be increased.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Advances in knowledge:<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The benefit of adjuvant RT in EHBD cancer was demonstrated via comparison with observation group.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1259\/bjr.20160807","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,24]],"date-time":"2017-01-24T18:55:29Z","timestamp":1485284129000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Role of adjuvant radiotherapy for localized extrahepatic bile duct cancer"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"90","author":[{"given":"Yi-Jun","family":"Kim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiation Oncology, Ewha Womans University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kyubo","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiation Oncology, Ewha Womans University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Seog Ki","family":"Min","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Ewha Womans University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eun Mi","family":"Nam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Ewha Womans University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024050213504936500_b1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.4143\/crt.2016.092","article-title":"Prediction of cancer incidence and mortality in Korea, 2016","volume":"48","author":"Jung","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cancer Res Treat"},{"key":"2024050213504936500_b2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2010.05.001","article-title":"Survival outcomes in resected extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma: effect of adjuvant radiotherapy in a surveillance, epidemiology, and end results analysis","volume":"81","author":"Vern-Gross","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"key":"2024050213504936500_b3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.1097\/00000658-199610000-00005","article-title":"Cholangiocarcinoma. 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