{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,22]],"date-time":"2025-10-22T18:05:09Z","timestamp":1761156309667,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"1075","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,23]],"date-time":"2017-06-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1498176000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>To determine and quantify the percentage dose increase to organs at risk (OARs) with multiple-level dose painting (DP) for patients with head and neck cancer in comparison with standard regimen.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>12 patients who had undergone fluorine-18 fludeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) positron emission tomography (PET)\/CT scan were retrospectively enrolled. Two treatment plans\u2014one using DP escalation and one without\u2014were optimized for each patient base on PET\/CT data. The following variables were assessed: dose to OARs and target volumes; execution time; equivalent uniform dose; and normal tissue complication probability.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>No statistically significant differences in beam-on time were observed between plans with and without DP. However, significantly higher doses were observed for all DP-escalated plans in the OARs, with only two exceptions: the brain stem and V \u00a060Gy for the mandible. Multiple-level DP resulted in dose increases ranging from 3.0% to 12.9%, depending on the OAR. The largest increase was seen for the parotid glands and the smallest for the mandible. Significant differences in the equivalent uniform dose were observed only for the parotid glands and spinal column, where the dose without DP was lower. The normal tissue complication probability for most OARs was very small.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Importantly, even though DP escalation resulted in higher doses to OARs vs conventional treatment planning, these usually did not exceed the dose tolerance levels. However, clinical trials are necessary to confirm the benefits of DP and to guarantee no additional toxicity.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Advances in knowledge:<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Multiple-level DP by numbers resulted in 3.0\u201312.9% dose increase, depending on the OAR. Our findings may suggest that DP escalation to very high doses is feasible for about 83% of patients without higher toxicity; however, it still should be confirmed on a larger group of patients.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1259\/bjr.20170019","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,30]],"date-time":"2017-05-30T11:11:32Z","timestamp":1496142692000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Comparison of dose distribution for head and neck cancer patients with and without dose painting escalation during radiotherapy realized with tomotherapy unit"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"90","author":[{"given":"Malgorzata","family":"Skorska","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Physics, Greater Poland Cancer Centre, Poznan, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tomasz","family":"Piotrowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Physics, Greater Poland 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