{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T02:10:36Z","timestamp":1791166236805,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"1085","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,6]],"date-time":"2018-03-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1520294400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Literature regarding image-guidance and interfractional motion of the anal canal (AC) during anal cancer radiotherapy is sparse. This study investigates interfractional AC motion during anal cancer radiotherapy.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Bone matched cone\u00a0beam CT (CBCT) images were acquired for 20 patients receiving anal cancer radiotherapy allowing population systematic and random error calculations. 12 were selected to investigate interfractional AC motion. Primary anal gross tumour volume and clinical target volume (CTVa) were contoured on each CBCT. CBCT CTVa volumes were compared to planning CTVa. CBCT CTVa volumes were combined into a CBCT-CTVa envelope for each patient. Maximum distortion between each orthogonal border of the planning CTVa and CBCT-CTVa envelope was measured. Frequency, volume and location of CBCT-CTVa envelope beyond the planning target volume (PTVa) was analysed.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Population systematic and random errors were 1 and 3\u2009mm respectively. 112 CBCTs were analysed in the interfractional motion study. CTVa varied between each imaging session particularly T location patients of anorectal origin. CTVa border expansions \u2265 1\u2009cm were seen inferiorly, anteriorly, posteriorly and left direction. The CBCT-CTVa envelope fell beyond the PTVa\u00a0\u2265\u00a050%\u2009imaging sessions (n = 5). Of these CBCT CTVa distortions beyond PTVa, 44% and 32%\u00a0were in the upper and lower thirds of PTVa respectively.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The AC is susceptible to volume changes and shape deformations. Care must be taken when calculating or considering reducing the PTV margin to the anus.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Advances in knowledge:<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Within a limited field of research, this study provides further knowledge of how the AC deforms during anal cancer radiotherapy.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1259\/bjr.20170654","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,2]],"date-time":"2018-02-02T16:48:29Z","timestamp":1517590109000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Target volume motion during anal cancer image guided radiotherapy using cone-beam computed tomography"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"91","author":[{"given":"Corrinne J","family":"Brooks","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Joint Department of Physics, The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust , Sutton , UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laurence","family":"Bernier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of\u00a0Clinical Oncology, The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust , Sutton , UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vibeke N","family":"Hansen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Joint Department of Physics, The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust , Sutton , UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Diana M","family":"Tait","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of\u00a0Clinical Oncology, The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust , Sutton , UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024050214282978500_b1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"516","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(13)70086-X","article-title":"Mitomycin or cisplatin chemoradiation with or 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